Johnson E, ‘The Active Role of South Africa’s Constitutional Court in Advancing Women’s Rights and Proprietary Interests in the Customary Law of Marriage’ [2023] Acta Juridica 46
South Africa’s Constitutional Court has played a pivotal role in advancing women’s rights and proprietary interests, particularly within the realm of customary marriage law. Customary law in South Africa has traditionally reflected patriarchal structures, often subordinating women’s rights in marriage, inheritance, and family property. However, the Constitutional Court has addressed these inequalities by interpreting the law in ways that align with the values enshrined in the South African Constitution, especially those pertaining to equality, dignity, and non-discrimination.
Key cases demonstrate the Court's influence:
Bhe v. Magistrate, Khayelitsha (2004): This landmark case challenged the primogeniture rule in inheritance under customary law, which prioritized male heirs. The Court held that the rule was unconstitutional as it discriminated against women and children. This decision reformed the customary inheritance framework, allowing women and children to inherit, thus promoting gender equality and securing women’s proprietary rights.
Gumede v. President of the Republic of South Africa (2008): The Court held that customary marriages entered into before the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act of 1998 (RCMA) should not deny women property rights. This ruling ensured that women in both pre- and post-RCMA marriages have equal ownership and division of marital property, challenging the patriarchal nature of property distribution and affirming women’s proprietary rights within customary marriage.
Ramuhovhi v. President of the Republic of South Africa (2017): In this case, the Court extended the equal treatment established in Gumede to polygamous marriages. The Court recognized the proprietary interests of women in polygamous marriages, ensuring that each wife has equal property rights, thereby further strengthening gender equity in customary marriages.
The Constitutional Court's active role in these and other cases has helped dismantle discriminatory aspects of customary law. By interpreting the Constitution in ways that affirm women’s rights, the Court has fundamentally reshaped customary marriage laws, making significant strides towards gender equality and enhancing women’s proprietary interests within South African society.
Khangeziwe Mazibuko In my opinion, South Africa’s Constitutional Court has played a really important and positive role in advancing women’s rights, especially when it comes to property and marriage under customary law. Traditionally, customary marriages in South Africa often didn’t give women equal property rights, and women could be left out or disadvantaged if the marriage ended or if their husband passed away.
I believe the Constitutional Court has stepped in to change that. Through several decisions, the Court has said that the Constitution’s promise of equality and dignity applies to everyone, including women in customary marriages. For example, the Court has ruled that women in these marriages should have equal rights to property, just like in civil marriages. This means that if a marriage ends, women have a right to a fair share of the property, and they can’t just be left with nothing.
I also think the Court’s active approach has helped to update customary law so it matches modern values of gender equality. In my view, by interpreting the law in this way, the Court is not just protecting women’s legal interests, but also encouraging broader changes in society’s attitudes towards women and their roles in marriage.
Overall, I suggest that the Constitutional Court’s work has made a big difference for women’s rights and their ability to own and control property in customary marriages. It shows how a court can use the Constitution to protect people and push for real social progress.