One aspect to avoid, or at least to consider with extreme caution, is "climate refugees", as we struggle to make sense of a nonsensical concept. A summary is at https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202007/can-climate-refugees-have-hope based on the scientific details:

Frameworks

(1) https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8050131

(2) https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-09-2013-0152

(3) https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-05-2014-0058

(4) https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb398

Islanders

(1) https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.52

(2) https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.120

(3) http://www.disasterdiplomacy.org/kelman2006cce.pdf

(4) https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EF000278

(5) https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGW.2015.073056

Maldives

(1) https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12177

(2) and Lakshadweep https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2017.1353888

(3) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02376-y

(4) and St. Kitts https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120459

Bangladesh

(1) Migration and climate change https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121223

(2) Migration to India https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12156

Arctic

(1) https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7040047

you could introduce the process of regularization (comparative national regimes): extraordinary regularization process of irregular migrants under certain circumstances (no criminal score, already working, family, social integration) contributes to SDG. The main point would be defending that it can and must be done avoiding its call effect: an award for perseverance and not an invitation to come by irregular means.

How migration contributes to local economic growth?

Carry out a thorough literature review using the sustainable development theories. Identify gaps in how migration impacts sustainable development? Formulate the research question from the literature review books/scholarly articles in the section on the recommendation for future research?

Your advisor and thesis committee should be helping you think through this. But generally, think about what interests you about the sustainable development agenda 2030 re: migration. Do you want to identify problems with that agenda? Are there problems you already have identified and you want to ask a) why those problems are there, or b) how those problems might manifest, or c) how those problems might be usefully addressed? Something else? It is your thesis-- you need to take ownership of it.

Most importantly, you need to find a place to stand in terms of theory and methodology. Doing so will help identify which questions you find interesting, and what types of questions you will be able to address. Going through the literature is important, but do so with a mindset of understanding what conversations are going on, which conversations you find interesting, and how you would want to contribute to those conversations. Going through that literature with a mechanical mindset of finding "gaps" is a recipe for creating an uninteresting, unimaginative, and tedious thesis that doesn't do more than fill random empty places in conversations. That is not a meaningful contribution, nor is it one likely to help you with your future career. Be more intentional.

Kristina,

For a general start, I have recommended David Lorenzo's answer above, since he is right that the inspiration and questions need to come from your interests and then you need to pose a specific question that leads to answers that will make a difference.

To build on that, here is a way to challenge what may be a bias in your thinking that helps clear your mind for asking good questions. You have already started with assumptions that many scholars, myself included, believe are wrong: that the SDGs actually promote sustainability (analysis shows that they will not and are in fact in violation of international laws on sustainability) and that they are going to make a difference (analysis also shows that since they are not "law" but are just a fundraising appeal written by NGOs and bureaucrats that will not change anything) as well as about migration. Here is one piece that might help you to see much of this at once and that you can find on Research Gate:

“Testing the Global Community’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Against Professional Standards and International Law,” Consilience, Issue 18, Spring 2017.

What I recommend is that you reverse your assumptions and start with a simple question about migration and sustainability.

We define sustainability (and survival) as long-term integration of cultures/peoples with their environments, balancing their production and consumption with the environment for generations.

Migration means that people have left their own environments (for many underlying reasons, including often that the countries to which they are migrating have been promoting policies that have destroyed the environments and their groups). If they are going to be part of sustainability, they are going to have to fit into the new environments in ways that are also sustainable, hopefully protecting their cultures fully in the new environment or at least changing to fit the new environment in a way that promotes sustainability.

There are a lot of sub-questions to look at that can offer a way to predict whether and how that will be possible or impossible for different groups, depending on factors of their culture and of the place where they have migrated. I suggest you also use a very basic model of defining and measuring sustainability that you can also find on Research Gate:

“A Sustainable Development Indicator for NGOs and International Organizations,”

International Journal of Sustainable Societies, 1:1:44-54, 2008.

Good luck.

David Lempert, Ph.D., J.D., M.B.A., E.D. (Hon.)

You can research the influence of the SDG and their implementation on the process of migrant adaptation.

On the subject of “human rights”, perhaps, the following may help:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356475384_THE_SCIENCE_OF_RIGHTS