I have no connection to your field, and I hope someone helps you; but I have a simple question for you. Do the terms "best" and "easy" ever come together?

I have no connection to your field, and I hope someone helps you; but I have a simple question for you. Do the terms "best" and "easy" ever come together?

I think you can get lot of publication if u search...

 Thanks Anil ji. I know both term not come to together. I read many paper about effect of climate change on groundwater. In all the paper different methods so i confused. So, i written...

 I  think the possible opportunities and challenges of using and sustaining groundwater resources in climate adaptation strategies, and highlight the lack of groundwater observations, which, at present, limits our understanding of the dynamic relationship between ground water and climate.

Dear

Ashwani Kumar Tiwari

It is possible to check the effect of climate change on the level of ground water. there are many research publication on the level of ground water. You can collect the ground level data of water of different places and plot the graph between water level with time in years. I hope this information will be helpful to you. You can also discuss about this in future..

Suggestions for reading and further references:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250129825_Regional_Differences_in_Climate_Change_Impacts_on_Groundwater_and_Stream_Discharge_in_Denmark

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228084644_Comparison_of_Hydrological_Simulations_of_Climate_Change_Using_Perturbation_of_Observations_and_Distribution-Based_Scaling

Article Regional Differences in Climate Change Impacts on Groundwate...

Article Comparison of Hydrological Simulations of Climate Change Usi...

Thanks Vinesh and Morten for suggestion ..

From a mechanistic perspective, climate uncertainty (increasing) implies that years with low rainfall, especially multiple year droughts will lead to greater reliance on groundwater, with falling levels as a consequence. Already groundwater use for domestic and irrigation is being suggested in many sub-Saharan African countries, as a way to buffer communities against climate change (low rainfall years). Caution is advised in such a strategy; at the very least, a good groundwater monitoring program should be established, to be aware of GW usage trends. In addition to low rainfall, deforestation is another factor that can lower groundwater recharge. Good luck.

Thanks Amarty Saha....

In my experience, it is too difficult to assess the effect of climate change on groundwater, especially in developing countries. The reasons are too fold:

1) There is already a well known impact of increasing stress on groundwater. This is not due to climate change, but owes to increasing population and therefore ever increasing groundwater use. So, this part of over use of groundwater should not be seen as climate change impact on groundwater; and

2) The other reason is that there are scarce data available to quantify climate change at different levels e.g. in the form of glaciers, snow and stream flows. Also, the quality/accuracy of the data poses additional flaws.

Therefore, placing every kind of groundwater stress in the pan of climate change is not judicious. So, we have to be very careful in this kind of assessment.

Thanks Basharat ..

I litteraly agree with Muhammad, but in my opinion you would combine the ancient climate and water data with actual population.

Best for you

Thanks you valuable suggestion Mr. Elgettafi  

We used SWAT model for predicting the effect of climate change on surface runoff. Check this and try to do it for  groundwater resources.

Kalogeropoulos, Kleomenis, Chalkias, Christos, Modelling the impacts of climate change on surface runoff in small Mediterranean catchments: empirical evidence from Greece, Water and Environment Journal 27(4), 2013

Thanks Kleomenis

Climate change poses uncertainties to the supply and management of water resources. The

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that the global mean surface temperature has

increased 0.6 ± 0.2 oC since 1861, and predicts an increase of 2 to 4 oC over the next 100 years. Temperature

increases also affect the hydrologic cycle by directly increasing evaporation of available surface water and

vegetation transpiration. Consequently, these changes can influence precipitation amounts, timings and

intensity rates, and indirectly impact the flux and storage of water in surface and subsurface reservoirs (i.e.,

lakes, soil moisture, groundwater). In addition, there may be other associated impacts, such as sea water

intrusion, water quality deterioration, potable water shortage, etc. While climate change affects surface water

resources directly through changes in the major long-term climate variables such as air temperature,

precipitation, and evapotranspiration, the relationship between the changing climate variables and

groundwater is more complicated and poorly understood. The greater variability in rainfall could mean more

frequent and prolonged periods of high or low groundwater levels, and saline intrusion in coastal aquifers due

to sea level rise and resource reduction. Groundwater resources are related to climate change through the

direct interaction with surface water resources, such as lakes and rivers, and indirectly through the recharge

process. The direct effect of climate change on groundwater resources depends upon the change in the volume

and distribution of groundwater recharge. Therefore, quantifying the impact of climate change on groundwater

resources requires not only reliable forecasting of changes in the major climatic variables, but also accurate

estimation of groundwater recharge. A number of Global Climate Models (GCM) are available for

understanding climate and projecting climate change. There is a need to downscale GCM on a basin scale and

couple them with relevant hydrological models considering all components of the hydrological cycle. Output of

these coupled models such as quantification of the groundwater recharge will help in taking appropriate

adaptation strategies due to the impact of climate change. This article presents the likely impact of climate

change on groundwater resources, climate change scenario for groundwater in India, status of research studies

carried out at national and international level, and methodology to assess the impact of climate change on

groundwater resources.

Thanks Noureddine