Dear Mogunnad,

There are egg parasitoids that effectively reduce N. Virudula. In the Netherlands I know that Wageningen University & Research is testing the usage of predatory shield bugs. Fingers crossed that it will be effective. I myself study the microbiome of these insect that potentially may be a control taget in the future.

Dear Silvia Coolen

Regarding foliar nutrition/spraying organic treatments, I can cite the information taken from (The Vegetable Garden Pest Handbook: Identify and Solve Pest Problems on Edible Plants. The Author is Susan Mulvihill-2021. Quarto Publishing Group, USA-Inc).

(Apply Pyrethrins in outdoor gardening practices only to control stink bugs)

My addition to the above is that when pyrethrin is used alone, without piperonyl butoxide or other artificial adjuvants, it is frequently referred to as an organic insecticide because it is found naturally in chrysanthemum flowers.

However, (Mulvihill, 2021) stated that biological control can include the following: birds, frogs, parasitic wasps, assassin bugs, praying mantids, spiders, and predatory stink bugs (page 117).

The book of CaliKim (2020) entitled Organic Gardening for Everyone (Page 119) emphasized the importance of companion planting as an organic method to reduce pest populations such as planting sunflowers, milkweeds, yarrows, borage, and poppies to attract praying mantids, which considered natural predators of bad bugs. In this course, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a perennial bug bank plant that can be used as a companion plant with summer and winter crops.

Dear Researchers

A textbook entitled (Garden Alchemy: 80 Recipes and Concoctions for Organic Fertilizers, Plant Elixiris, Potting Mixes, Pest Deterrents, and More). The author is Stephanie Rose-2020. Quarto Publishing Group, USA-Inc) stated the followings (pages 118, and 119):

By putting a tiny, battery-operated LED light at the bottom of the bottle and keeping it in a dark location, brown stink bugs (which are not the same as Nezara viridula) can be tolerated. Water can be added to a waterproof light to drown stink bugs.

Thus, this practice can be classified as a preventive tool, or physical may be an agricultural-technical control method.

Is there any similar work on our target of Nezara viridula ? Still keep searching and discussing.

Pests & Diseases book written by the Royal Horticultural Society (Greenwood and Halstead, 2018) (page 185) stated that the shieldbug Nezara viridula is a sap-sucker. Although it originated in southern Europe, it has been a regular pest in east England since 2003. However, Palomena prasina is the name of the native and more common variety in Britain. Runner beans and tomatoes were the main food sources (hosts) for the Nezara viridula during the late summer and early fall.

Britain is likely on the northern border of this bug's distribution, and it might take further warming of the environment for this to become a serious problem. The scientific source mentioned above suggested applying a contact pesticide (insecticide) to manage.

My addition to this argumentation is that using a chemical insecticide must be the last resort in the integrated pest control management protocol, it can be the last option especially when the pest population exceeds the economic threshold up to the economic injury level.

Dear researcher, am eager to get more discussion, cooperation, and additions in this regard.

A published article in the Journal of Economic Entomology reported by Tavia Gordon et al., (2017) stated that Nezara viridula (L.), is a significant tomato pest in Florida, and it is also known as the southern green stink bug. In this study, the management of N. viridula in North Florida tomato crops in 2014 and 2015 was investigated using three varieties of trap crops. In both years, researchers utilized striped sunflower (Helianthus annuus) feed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), but in 2014 and 2015, other types were used, browntop millet (Panicum ramosum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), two distinct types of millet. More adult stink bug individuals were found in wild feed sorghum than in sunflowers, and none were found in either species of millet. Although fewer stink bugs were discovered feeding on sunflower, it was discovered to be an excellent source of other natural enemies and pollinators and attract noticeably more brown stink bugs, or Euschistus servus (Say) (another pest of tomatoes).

A handbook of weeds: an organic earth-friendly guide to their identification, use, and control written by John Walker (2016) printed in the United Kingdom and Germany, remarked that every plant growing where we do not want it is a weed definition. A garden plant called a sunflower can serve as a bug bank.

Thus, It is evident that sunflower acts as a weed trap for stink bugs in fields of summer crops (tomatoes, peppers, beans, corn, and soybeans). Then, using an integrated weed control technique, it can be eliminated without using any chemicals.

My argument for the above information is that what if the major crop was a winter plant such as peas (Pisum sativum) or fababeans (Vicia faba, or faba vulgaris) with a potential infection of stink bug? Is the use of trap weed plants of sorghum and sunflower can be an effective control method? This will be a very important question in both Florida and Debrecen.

Concerning foliar nutrition/spraying organic treatments, The following can be cited as information taken from (The Vegetable Garden Pest Handbook: Identify and Solve Pest Problems on Edible Plants. The Author is Susan Mulvihill-2021. Quarto Publishing Group, USA-Inc) (page 140): spraying insecticidal soap either indoors or outdoors is an effective organic tool, which is produced from potassium salts of fatty acids. After penetrating cell membranes and dissolving the affected bug's protective cuticle, the fatty acids dehydrate the bug. This is like a contact pesticide of an organic source.

A handbook of weeds: an organic earth-friendly guide to their identification, use, and control written by John Walker (2016) reported on page (110) that organic weed-killers are especially effective on annual weeds with soft, fleshy foliage because they burn off new, green plant growth. They are often based on vegetable fatty acids.

Thus, can we recommend a specific type of vegetable potassium salts of fatty acids to control annual trap plants of sorghum and sunflower in fields of tomatoes as an interrelated control for both stink bug insect Nezara viridula and its trap plant if we put the pieces of the scientific puzzle together above?

Spray leaves with kaolin clay, a naturally occurring mineral made into a powder, watered down, then sprayed. The protective layer it forms on plant leaves confuses the Nezara viridula pest and irritates its skin at the same time. Spray the plants with the clay before issues arise to ensure its effectiveness (preventive pest control method).

The source is (The Vegetable Garden Pest Handbook: Identify and Solve Pest Problems on Edible Plants. The Author is Susan Mulvihill-2021. Quarto Publishing Group, USA-Inc) (Page 141).

Eocanthecona furcellata is predator and Stink Bug (Nezara viridula) or Southern green Stink Bug is pest and they are they all are Pentatomid bugs.

We can easily recognize with their appearances.

Eocanthecona furcellata eggs are golden and they turn red when they nearly hatch.

Nezara viridula eggs are white

Eocanthecona Furcellata egg

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Nezara viridula egg

The rostrum of Eocanthecona furcellata adult and nymph are bigger than their antenna

The rostrum of Nezara viridula adult and nymph are the same as their antenna

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Dear @ Khin Thein Nyunt

Eocanthecona furcellata is a pentatomid beetle, and a powerful predator bug widely present in Southeast Asian nations such as India, China, Indonesia, and Japan (Shylesha and Sravika 2018).

My argument for this valuable piece of information is how much the potential success of breeding, and raising this predator is in either Southeast America, Central Europe, or the Mediterranean areas. Based on the proofed output, this biological control method will be very effective and ranked excellent organic control method.

Definitely egg parasitoids (Trissolcus spp.). Treatment with insecticide has

so far been only rarely justified.