Is it essential to standardize a self administered questionnaire?
If it is essential what is the best methodology?
I am not sure what you mean by "standardize." Certainly, you need to ask each person the identical questions.
When we are using a questionnaire as the research tool, do we need to assess the reliability of the each and every tool; though they are simple with direct questions such as age, educational level, ect?
That was what I meant by standardization.
Dear Iroshani Kodikara ,
Demographic questions do not require reliability analysis as they are factual. However, that doesn't mean that the data obtained from them is necessarily valid.
Reliability analysis normally applies to groups of opinion questions used to measure a psychological construct.
The following publications may further help, particularly testing/demonstrating/illustrating questionnaire validity/reliability, see: Boynton and Greenhalgh, 2004, p. 1313; Krosnick and Presser, 2010, pp. 272-273; Jones, 2007; Stone, 1993, p. 1265; Williams, 2003, p. 249, etc.
- Boynton, P. M. and Greenhalgh, T. (2004) Hands-on guide to questionnaire research: Selecting, designing, and developing your questionnaire, British Medical Journal, 328, 7451, pp. 1312-1315.
- Del Greco, L., Walop, W. and McCarthy, R. H. (1987) Questionnaire development: 2. Validity and reliability, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 136, 7, pp. 699-700.
- Krosnick, J. A. and Presser, S. (2010) Question and Questionnaire Design, in Marsden, P.V. and Wright, J.D. (eds.) Handbook of Survey Research. Second ed. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 263-313.
- Rattray, J. and Jones, M. C. (2007) Essential elements of questionnaire design and development, Journal of clinical nursing, 16, 2, pp. 234-243.
- Stone, D. H. (1993) Design a questionnaire, British Medical Journal, 307, 6914, pp. 1264-1266.
- Williams, A. (2003) How to... write and analyse a questionnaire, Journal of orthodontics, 30, 3, pp. 245-252.
Dear Dr. Kenneth Lui-ming Ngie ,
Thank you very much for sharing valuable articles.
Dr. Iroshani
Reliability and validity of questionnaires must be reported in case other researchers need to compare outcomes as well as to validate the findings. Specially if you use x-levels Likert Scale statements in your questionnaire.
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