There is very strong evidence that "electric current" in the neuro system does not exist at all! And even less does the myelin sheath exist which would act as an "electrical insulator" like a common insulating tape. There are good reasons to believe that this is one of the most capital errors of neurophysiology as well as of neuroscience. This is a reason for a frayed metaphor! In fact Douglas Fields write (see: 10.1126/science.1253851) " It is certainly time to set aside the frayed metaphor of myelin as insulation and appreciate the more fascinating reality."

Dear Qusay Al-Dulamey, if you are interested I will send you all the reasons and documentation for this assertion of mine but, alas, I have already been severely censured by the establishment of neuroscientists...

Prof. Alessandro MORELLI e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Phone Mobile: +39 347 085 22 92 www.biochemlab.it

Imagination is more important than knowledge Albert Einstein

Thank you so much sir

I hope for you a nice day

Your sincerely

Dr.Qusay Kh. Al_Dulamey

Could you please edit your question to make it clear and more explicit.

can the particle as electron inter the neuro cell but radias of electron more than radias of neuro cell

Dear Enrique Soto,

I don't know if your request is addressed to me or to Qusay Al-Dulamey. However I take this opportunity to better explain my thoughts.

The Understanding of the modality of transmission of nerve impulse has been the conundrum which has puzzled scientists for more than 2 centuries, and even more. Certainly the research carried out by Hodking & Stamply carried out in the 1940s has been pioneering and has allowed the enormous and undisputed progress of neuroscience. Their transmission pattern along the neuronal plasma of a wave that corresponds to the transmission of ionic homeostasis thanks to the succession of Na channels and then the K voltage gate is certainly verified. But… inadequate models have been implemented on this model such as the “equivalent circuit” which has never found a material demonstration. Why was this model introduced, so dear to John Eccles? Perhaps because this model has allowed the totally misleading concept of "electric current" that would flow along the axon to become the heritage of the collective imagination. In science, processes must be materialized and the axon, as it is made, has absolutely no properties of an electricity conductor. Unfortunately this idea, which is nothing more than a metaphor, however suggestive, took root and was reinforced with the 1949 proposal by BY A. F. HUXLEY AD R. STAMPFLI with the paper "Evidence for saltatory conduction in peripheral myelinated nerve fibers." PMID: 18144923. But this paper must be read carefully to take note of all the doubts it expressed. First of all, the authors attribute the idea of "insulating myelin" to Hodking who is not among the authors, as if to distance himself from what they wrote. Then the text is full of doubts. But the idea that an "electrical circuit" exists that enters through a Ranvier node, runs through the axonal internode, exits the next node and returns to the initial node bypassing the myelin is absolutely imaginative. However, even this model has hit the imagination but above all because it is easy to understand and since then all the teachers of neurophysiology offer these ideas to our students all over the world and by dint of repeating them they have become "truth". But, I repeat, of "electric current" understood as very fast flow does not exist and therefore it is necessary to review everything. I repeat my incipit: what has been verified is undoubtedly the model of the transmission of a homeostatic wave between the voltage gate channels Na and K alternating on the plasmalemma This system is very expensive in terms of energy because after the passage of the wave it is necessary to restore the correct concentration of the ions with greater K inside and greater Na outside, and everything is done by the Na-K pump that consumes ATP. This centrality of the process, i.e. the contribution of ATP was used by us to formulate a totally new model of myelin as illustrated by our preprint "The Myelin cannot change the basic mechanisms of axonal conduction." (link: https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3409v1) which I invite all nto read and debate on it.

Alessandro Morelli -Genoa, Italy

Thank you so nuch for you intersred

i hope for you a nice day

Your sincerely

Qusay Kh. Al_Dulamey