Respected Sir,

The addition of PVA with different concentrations has a very positive effect on the control of the grain size and grain shape of the samples during the hydrothermal process.

Refer this publication for more details:

https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nde.2020.0007

Hope this information is useful.

Dear Mohammad Muhiuddin, please refer to the following RG documents. My Regards

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229874995_Low-temperature_synthesis_of_BiFeO3_via_PVA_Sol-Gel_route

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298814899_Polyvinyl_Alcohol_PVA-assisted_Synthesis_of_BiFeO3_Nanoparticles_for_Photo_catalytic_Applications

PVA, polyetyleneglycol (PEG), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) etc. act as surfactant during the nucleation step for controlling the grain size depending on concentration...

PVA and PVP can be used to control the size, slow the growth, and to stabilize the particles. They can be used as stabilizing agents, or surfactants, for many different material types including metals, semiconductors and polymeric particles.

Abdelkader BOUAZIZ Can you please tell me the Molecular weight of the PVA used in the paper?

Can anyone tell which molecular weight PVA I should use because they never mention it in the paper

Hi

dear Mohammad Muhiuddin

PVA can act as a good surfactant, but factors such as CMC (Critical micelle concentration) and CPP (critical packing parameter) must be considered to achieve the desired micelle size. Also, temperature and salt concentration have a great effect on optimizing these factors. For example, with increasing salt concentration and decreasing CMC The aggregation number increases.

If you interested i can share more information about CMC and CPP. My regards

Dear Mohammad Muhiuddin, the following paper deals with a study on the effect of MW. May be there are others dealing with the case you are working on. My Regards

10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.025