Kindly enlighten me.

Recently, I have come across come confusion in plant gaseous exchange and transpiration. while reading articles regarding plants.

In plant gaseous exchange, it states that high humidity (external factor) causes the stomata to open and enable gaseous exchange while low humidity causes the stomata to close.

However, in plant transpiration, it states that increased temperature and decreased humidity cause stomata to open and promote transpiration while decreased temperature and increased humidity cause stomata to close and prevent transpiration.

If I put two things together, it seems like it does not match. So, in short, will the stomata open or close if high humidity?

Then, I did searching in other articles and educational websites. I found out that different sources have different opinions and theories.

Some said that high humidity causes stomata to open as plant does not worry water loss, transpiration can occur while low humidity causes stomata to close as plant does not want excessive water loss, transpiration is prevented. In short, high humidity causes stomata opening while low humidity causes stomatal closing.

Some said that low humidity causes stomata to open as there is a humidity gradient causing the water vapour (high) in the sub-stomatal cavity diffuse into the surrounding (low) via transpiration while high humidity causes stomata to close as there is no humidity gradient to allow transpiration. In short, high humidity causes stomata closing while low humidity causes stomatal opening.

So, again, in overall will the stomata open or close if high humidity?

In view of that, there is some contradiction here I looking for advice or opinion from professionals. Kindly enlighten. Thanks in advance.