https://www.port.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/research-degrees/phd-by-publication

https://www.westminster.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/research-degrees/mode-of-study/phd-by-published-work

https://www.uea.ac.uk/research/research-with-us/postgraduate-research/postgraduate-qualifications-explained/phd-by-publication

https://www.kingston.ac.uk/research/research-degrees/available-degrees/phd-by-prior-publication-portfolio/

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2023/06/29/what-exactly-is-a-phd-by-publication/

Most serious possibilities seem to exist in the Uk.

The web is full of unserious advertisements from unaccredited institutions that will only cost you a lot of money in exchange for a piece of paper.