What methodology will be most suitable and relible for studying the "PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT: A TOOL FOR ALLEVIATION OF RURAL POVERTY AND PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
A Theory of the Content and Structure of Basic Human Values for local people.
POWER: Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources. (social
power, authority, wealth, preserving my public image)
ACHIEVEMENT: Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social
standards. (successful, capable, ambitious, influential)
HEDONISM: Pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself. (pleasure, enjoying life,
self-indulgence)
STIMULATION: Excitement, novelty, and challenge in life. (daring, a varied life, an
exciting life)
SELF-DIRECTION: Independent thought and action-choosing, creating, exploring.
(creativity, freedom, independent, curious, choosing own goals)
UNIVERSALISM: Understanding, appreciation, tolerance and protection for the welfare of
all people and for nature. (broadminded, wisdom, social justice, equality, a world at
peace, a world of beauty, unity with nature, protecting the environment)
BENEVOLENCE: Preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one is
in frequent personal contact. (helpful, honest, forgiving, loyal, responsible)
TRADITION: Respect, commitment and acceptance of the customs and ideas that
traditional culture or religion provide the self. (humble, accepting my portion in life,
devout, respect for tradition, moderate)
CONFORMITY: Restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm
others and violate social expectations or norms. (politeness, obedient, self-discipline,
honoring parents and elders)
SECURITY: Safety, harmony and stability of society, of relationships, and of self. (family
security, national security, social order, clean, reciprocation of favors)
Ten different factors in scale.
But three factors affects sustainable development.
1)Social
2)Economic
3)Environmental
This article should be of assistance.
Article The Capabilities Approach and Environmental Sustainability: ...
I think that the cultural factor may affect sustainable development too.
As an aside, I think it is worth noting that "participatory development" schemes in some countries (I am most familiar with the cases of Nigeria and Ghana) can end up being a sort of Orwellian appropriation of language where the "participatory" aspect is simply that the government has mobilized some or all of the population into supporting and working for some particular plan in an area.
However, I would always consider "participatory development" as a PROCESS which goes to great lengths to involve local populations in decision making processes, most likely through representative participation of all relevant groups in providing inputs, in the form of expressing their specific local knowledge and the interests of that group, so that decision makers can incorporate new information and balance different interests.
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