In india the Rice- Wheat cropping system is mostly adopted by farmer, then how it is right ?Becouse in kharif season before transplanting of rice we use puddling in rice crop , then in this condition after puddling soil structure fully destroy and after that soil become compact, and Infiltration of water is also effected due to compact soil , and when we done the puddling, plant are destroy but so many number of weed seeds are remain in soil that not destroy and then in next season when we use zero-tillage system for showing wheat crop without ploughing the field, allot of weeds germinate in rabi season. and anotherthing due to compact soil plant could't take much nutrient from soil that effect the plant growth and devlopment. Then how it is beneficial cropping system (Rice-Wheat) for indian farmer??
Vivek Kumar Patel very valid question you raised, under such condition my suggestion you can recommend direct-seeded rice instead of translated rice. The consequence effect of direct-seeded on succeeding crop is less compare to transplanted rice on all the parameters you are mentioning, moreover, the zero tillage system under this condition will work.
Rice wheat cropping system have matured after decades of experimental hit and trials. Now direct seeding of rice and transplanting rice through puddling both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Zero tillage has its own implications. Let the progressive rice growers decide which one is best for them? Or let the researchers compare all these three approaches on large scale to determine which one is economical and eco-friendly along with contributing towards higher yields.
Direct seeded rice (DSR) sown by zero till machin in kharif and again sow the wheat through zero till in rabi...this is called double zero till system. There is no compaction on soil and even soil aggregates are stables.
Scientifically, adoption of mono-culture of Rice wheat system may not give sustainable results in order to conserve natural resources mainly soil and water... Repeatedly cultivating rice and wheat crops particularly in indo-Gangetic plains of India being staple food grain crop and play significant role in food security of Nation, resulting in decline in water table, excessive pumping of ground water resulting in depletion of water status of the soil, mining of nutrients as both of the crops are exhaustive one requiring more inputs like Fertilizers, pesticides, water and other agricultural practices; emmision of GHGs as a result of puddling, also destruction in soil structure following development of hard pan, crust and resistance offered by the soil; deterioration of the soil fertility status; building up of pests; problem of yield gap because of poor response of applied inputs; indiscriminate use of chemical, Fertilizers and other inputs so as to achieve maximum yield without considering soil supplying capacity and other principles based on management of temporal and spatial variability; due to uncertainty of mansoon; higher risk of crop failure if agronomic practices is not done in time as both the crops are highly input responsive crops.. Shifting from TPR to DSR in kharif season followed by adopting zero till sowing of wheat may be advantageous and also growing some short duration catch crops, inclusion of legumes in the system either as intercrop or main crop following sensible crop rotation may give remunerative returns...