Two dimensional and three dimensional Fourier Transform method and also Differential Evolution algorithm (DEA) can be used for image processing system.
There are numerous problems for the future research to be taken into consideration. Based on your query I would like to suggest you 3D image processing is open problem for computer vision applications, e.g., classification, clustering, segmentation and object tracking. See e.g., Article Three-Dimensional Image Processing in the Future of Immersive Media
and more for example : https://www.prip.tuwien.ac.at/teaching/opcv_vu.php