General relativity says a light ray sent from a star and passing by the Sun is deflected 1.75 arcseconds from its original path by the Sun’s gravity. Also, Isaac Newton knew of gravitation’s effect on light more than 300 years ago. Like the “lock and key” mechanism in biological organisms of molecules engaging with cells’ receptors, gravity may deflect light because the latter’s photons are a key fitting into the former’s graviton-locks. This makes sense if trillions of Mobius strips make up a photon, and trillions of figure-8 Klein bottles make a graviton. Photons and gravitons fit together because Mobius strips and figure-8 Klein bottles fit together – the second topological shape can be called a Mobius Doublet since it’s a joining of two strips.

A backup to this topological concept is the Yale University experiment which was published in the journal “Nature Photonics”

(Mo Li, W. H. P. Pernice & H. X. Tang, “Tunable bipolar optical interactions between guided lightwaves”, Nature Photonics 3, 464 - 468 [2009]).

This experiment demonstrated that, on nano-scales, light can attract and repel* itself like electric charges or magnets. This is the Optical Bonding Force. One proposed explanation for the flyby anomaly is that it’s a topological effect. Continuing with this line of thought, my outline proposes a mathematical universe – this is based on the work of well-known scientists such as John Wheeler, Max Tegmark, Erik Verlinde, Ed Fredkin, Rafael Sorkin, and Melvin Vopson. ** A universe that is mathematical in its foundation is required since the gravitational-electromagnetic unification spoken of in connection with the Yale experiment is proposed to function topologically (using the Mobius strip and figure-8 Klein bottle). In attraction, a pair of Mobius strips can fit together and form a Klein bottle). Trillions of bottles form a graviton, the quantum of gravity (when a graviton dissociates or separates into Mobius strips, the building blocks of photons that travel along divergent paths, light repels itself).

* George Yuri Rainich wrote

“Electrodynamics in the general relativity theory”. by G. Y. Rainich. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 27 (1925), 106-136 https://www.ams.org/journals/tran/1925-027-01/S0002-9947-1925-1501302-6/

This states that Albert Einstein's equations say gravitational fields carry enough information about electromagnetism to allow James Clerk Maxwell's equations to be restated in terms of these gravitational fields. The Yale experiment shows electromagnetism’s light waves can attract and repel on nano-scales, so it’s very likely gravitational waves also attract and repel. Attraction between the gravitational component of a spacecraft and an astronomical body results in increased velocity of the spacecraft. The Yale-University paragraph shows that repulsion is also possible, causing slowed speed – attraction and repulsion could even cancel, producing a flyby speed that agrees with prediction.

** The term Holographic Principle is used most often in physics in relation to the way the information contained in black holes can be directly related to a two-dimensional (2D) surface that surrounds the outside perimeter of the black hole. This has no direct connection with the universe being a computer simulation. This article says the 2D surface doesn’t only surround the black hole but is the Mobius strip which composes everything in the universe according to the following details - the real+imaginary numbers of Wick rotation represent the 4th dimension of time and are built into the 2D Mobius strips which are constructed from the 1D binary digits of 1 and 0 (the digits are identified as Hidden Variables compatible with quantum entanglement). Two strips join to create a figure-8 Klein bottle and trillions of strips and bottles respectively form the photon/graviton (the Klein bottles are immersed in the 3rd dimension). This refers back to a paper published by the great physicist Albert Einstein which asks if gravitation plays a role in formation of elementary particles of matter.

(A. Einstein [1919]: “Spielen Gravitationfelder im Aufbau der Elementarteilchen eine Wesentliche Rolle?” [Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?] Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, [Math. Phys.], 349-356, Berlin)

His paper doesn’t only include gravitation’s quantum units of gravitons. It speaks of electromagnetism’s photons as involved in particle creation, too. The Mobius strips help form the entire cosmos and they result from electronics’ BITS (BInary digiTS) of 1 and 0 which draw, program, or encode them. Consequently, the universe would be a simulation.

Yesterday (when all my troubles seemed so far away), I wrote about a backup to my topological concepts in the form of the Yale University experiment which was published in the journal “Nature Photonics”

(Mo Li, W. H. P. Pernice & H. X. Tang, “Tunable bipolar optical interactions between guided lightwaves”, Nature Photonics 3, 464 - 468 [2009]).

Today, I'll use published writings of Albert Einstein that say experimentation (even meticulously designed and exhaustively interpreted experiments), while extremely valuable, does have limits and should not be regarded as infallible -

According to Special Relativity, experiments are overrated by modern science since the truths revealed by experimentation are necessarily restricted to one frame of reference. Regarding the question of length contraction in Special Relativity - Einstein wrote in 1911 that "It doesn't 'really' exist, in so far as it doesn't exist for a co-moving observer; though it 'really' exists, i.e. in such a way that it could be demonstrated in principle by physical means by a non-comoving observer." (Einstein [1911]. "Zum Ehrenfestschen Paradoxon. Eine Bemerkung zu V. Variĉaks Aufsatz". Physikalische Zeitschrift 12: 509–510)

Demonstration "in principle by physical means by a non-comoving observer" is the same meaning as "demonstration by experiments performed by scientists not moving at the speed of light".

Now relate the previous paragraph to this quote - “While an observer stationary with respect to an electric charge will see it as a source of electric field only, a second observer moving relative to the first will see the same charge as a source of both electric and magnetic fields in a way dictated by special relativity.”

(Penguin Encyclopedia 2006 - edited by David Crystal - 3rd edition, 2006 - ‘electromagnetism’, p. 443)

So, if a co-moving frame of reference is adopted, we’d need to revise James Clerk Maxwell’s propagation of electromagnetism by oscillating electric and magnetic fields. * In addition to electric-magnetic duality not existing, the unification of all things in space and time (perhaps via quantum gravity) means wave-particle duality would not exist in all frames of reference. It would only exist for a non-comoving observer: it could be demonstrated “… by experiments performed by scientists not moving at the speed of light". If looked at from the frame of reference of an observer co-moving with the universe (in tune with it), the weirdness of wave-particle duality vanishes and quantum mechanics becomes as understandable as the macroscopic world (gravitational and electromagnetic waves interact to produce a momentum and pressure which can be interpreted as a particle - see Einstein's 1919 paper in my previous comment).

* According to this comment, saying light travels is merely convenience, like saying the sun rises and sets when we know Earth is rotating. If we shift our understanding of the universe from one based on experiment to one in which observers and objective reality are united/entangled (one in which we’re in harmony with the universe and therefore co-moving with it), electric-magnetic duality would no longer be perceived. It would then be better to say,

“particles (photons) of light and microwaves etc., that ‘travel’ through space-time would have relatively little movement themselves. It’s the disturbances from the sources of electromagnetism (ripples in space-time called gravitational waves) that travel. As a result of the gravitational-electromagnetic unity discussed regarding formation of mass and the Yale experiment, a gravitational wave can't travel light years but only the quantum-scale distances between photons and gravitons. As disturbances travel/reflect/refract/are absorbed etc, they excite the pre-existing photons and gravitons that fill space-time and matter and mass. These particles then re-transmit the vibrations or disturbances they received, similar to the way an electric impulse travels from one nerve cell to the next. Neurons' electric impulses use chemicals called neurotransmitters - spacetime's gravitational and electromagnetic waves use BITS (the binary digits of 1 and 0) which act as transistors to boost the waves' strength and prevent power loss as the light years are crossed. This agrees with John A. Wheeler's geon - an electromagnetic or gravitational wave which is held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy. Maxwell's electric and magnetic oscillations would, at least in a comoving frame, "be heId together in a confined (subatomic) region". If there is little movement of photons and gravitons, the universe could not be expanding (or contracting) but its space and time is static. The Big Bang has impressive points … leading to the idea that it’s a necessary stepping-stone. For example, the Big Bang’s supposed origin from quantum fluctuations is reminiscent of bits switching between 1 and 0.”