Can we simulate nanofluids heat transfer performance with single phase approach in straight vertical and twisted vertical tube, at low volume concentrations?
as nano particles generally greatly affect the fluid property even in smaller concentrations,so i suggest first perform a small experiment to determine the properties and then go for numerical work...
In fact, for diluted well mixed two-phase flow it is possible to simulate it as a single phase flow with effective properties. under the mentioned assumption, this kind of simple modelling can present the result as accurate as the Eulerian two-phase model and the Lagrangian two-phase model. but if a concentration of mixture increases (volume fraction more than 5%) non-linearity on a mixture properties as well as interaction of particles and possible agglomeration will deviate results of single phase modelling from experiments and other high precision modellings.