Gibson(1989) who was the first to introduce Affordances as a relational term argues that affordances cannot be measured because they are both objective and subject. Further more, Norman who brought the concept of affordances to the design field of HCI did not discuss issues of measurability but rather emphasized perceived affordances. However, most works in 2022 e.g Wu et al (2022) conclude that affordances are a composite construct that can be measured with three indicators: bi-communication, synchronicity, and user control and their research showed these indicators to be useful in measuring technological affordances in constructivist e-learning. Moreso, Maier (2022) in his reflection on the word " affordance" gives a clearer definition and stated unequivocally that affordances can be measured for e.g type-ability as an affordance afforded by the keyboard can be measured by how many words the user can type per minute.

My question is, do you agree with Maier and Wu et al that technological affordances in e-learning can be measured? Can there be a better measure?