May be the series of vaccination which all young children go through, provide active immunity against many organisms. This cluster of (active) immunity may be the probable reason for milder infections.
Data published on infected people with COVID in China, Italy, and South Korea showed that children are generally less affected by the disease. It is hypothesized that such immunity among children is related to early childhood vaccination, particularly anti-measles and anti- rubella vaccinations.
Article Does Early Childhood Vaccination Protect Against COVID-19?