A contribution toward answering is "Addressing disaster and health risks for sustainable outer space" https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4668
It is not impossible though. It might be possible to survive beyond Earth's atmosphere with extreme support. Living a life-like on Earth's may take a long time from now and the technology to be developed in the future. There is hope but that might not be in the same way we think that it would be.
We can't live in most of the Earth's atmosphere. The top of Mt. Everest is called 'The Death Zone': "What happens to your body in Everest's Death Zone?" (https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/theredbulletin/this-is-what-happens-to-your-body-at-29000-feet-2017-30-08 ). Bu obviously tens of thousands of airliners and millions of people fly at altitudes higher then Mt. Everest every day.
"With the onset of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency), the pulse rate soars, blood thickens and clots, and the risk of stroke rises. Worsening conditions can lead to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Here, the lungs accumulate fluid, and victims can quickly drown in their own fluids. Symptoms include a mildly elevated temperature and extreme shortness of breath even at rest (tachypnea). With a stethoscope, you can hear clicking and rattling in the lungs created by the gurgle of fluid. Descending while still under your own power is highly recommended, lest you die and put a damper on the entire expedition."
"HACE or “high altitude cerebral edema” is to the brain what HAPE is to the lungs. As the body struggles for oxygen by increasing circulation, the brain can begin to swell. HACE brings on nausea, vomiting, a decreasing level of consciousness, difficulty thinking and reasoning and general “stupidity.” Sufferers have been known to have bizarre hallucinations, chat with imaginary companions and lose their will and judgement (doing things like ripping off protective clothing in sub-zero temps)."
Dr Annamalai,
You have asked two very different questions.
1) Is there life outside of the Earth and its atmosphere?
We don't know.
2) Can we live off-world?
Yes, we have had people living at great distances from the Earth, from time to time, for over fifty years.
Chinnaraji Annamalai After reading James Garry post, in regards to his second point - yes, we have been living "off world". But immediately entails the question 'but for how long', as an individual, a group, a colony, and a species. There is a introductory bibliography at NASA's "Long-Term Challenges to Human Space Exploration" https://www.nasa.gov/centers/hq/library/find/bibliographies/Long-Term_Challenges_to_Human_Space_Exploration
For the individual and crew: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/human-spaceflight-hazards
For a colony, either in zero-g, artificial gravity (centrifuge), or on an astronomical body with a different gravitational field, the outlook currently looks bleak - many sub-cellular processes and tissue differentiation seem to require Earth's gravitational field, i.e. "how does a single fertilized egg later know eventually which end to put the head, arms and legs on?". Very simple organisms don't seem much affected, but higher level ones, especially mammals may have grief -
"While the cell’s DNA provides the instruction manual, genes also need specific instructions. In essence, epigenetic processes tell the cell to read specific pages of the instruction manual at distinct times. .. Some epigenetic changes are stable and last a lifetime, and some may be passed on from one generation to the next, without changing the genes." https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/epigenetics/index.cfm
Note for a human colony or the species in the long run "off-Earth", the differences may 'trans-generational': "In addition, some of the effects of these exposures can be passed down for multiple generations, even after the original exposure has been removed, through a process known as transgenerational inheritance. ... Researchers in the NIEHS Transgenerational Inheritance in Mammals After Environmental Exposure (TIME) Program are using mice and rats to investigate how transgenerational inheritance occurs after exposure to environmental exposures, whether the process is different in males and females, and when in development these events are most likely to occur."
Worse, it's a hard experiment to run - there is evidence to suggest that these changes don't immediately surface in the offspring, but lay submerged and surface 3,4, 5 ... generations later.
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