You may say see some papers on "ethical leadership" on my profile page.

I believe that this recent review of relevant literature could answer your question as these leadership theories are applicable to any organizational setting.

Nawaz & Khan (2016). Leadership theories and styles: A literature review. Leadership, 16(1), 1-7.

Healthcare in the UK is commissioned and largely delivered as a public service by employees of the state - rather than by private organisations. It is widely regarded therefore, as a 'public service'.

There is a broad framework for leadership, which might be a useful source of reference for you?

www.leadershipacademy.nhs.uk/resources/healthcare-leadership-model

The scope of this framework is very broad indeed, incorporating a wide range of leadership styles.

So, to answer your question directly - the style of leadership found in practice in many areas is more instructive and directional, rather than delegative and empowering. Some have argued that this could be related to a pervading 'medical mindset' in this sector and this emphasis has become more the case (as you might expect) during the recent pandemic.

I hope this is helpful - good luck with your work.

Leadership is the key to the success of any work of the project or even life

There is an hierarchy