I have got comparable d33 values with literature for my samples after poling, but the phase angle was very small (10 degree). I got number of resonance and antiresonance peaks in my impedance spectrum. Why i can't get phase angle above 80 degree even i had high d33 values?.. I poled the samples at RT. Please clarify the doubt sir.
Thanks in advance
sodium potassium bismuth titanate, frequency range between 100Hz to 2MHz
Depending on the material (and the process to fabricate it), you might have strong conduction losses in your sample making it more a resistance rather than a capacitance. However the later one is still influenced by piezoelectricity. You may consider your sample as being an ideal piezoelectric (with high d33 value) in parallel to a - not so large - resistance. The resonance and antiresonance peaks are then not so much changed. However, in the calculation of d33 you utilize the low frequency capacitance. How was it measured ? Did you get also a low phase angle ?
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