Dear all
I am currently working on a project about anode materials for Lithium ion batteries. I've read about different type of metal phosphides as LIB anode materials but I can't see any major difference between Co,Cu and Ni phosphides as anode materials. I wanted to know is there any advantage for one of them over others which makes it more valuable and suitable for future readearches (including mine)? I will also apperciate any information and suggestions about other materials and systems which are attractive for LIB anode material .
Along with Braun i will add one point is that the stability and potential window of operation
Dear Mohamad Amin Saadati,
the difference in some TMP (TM-Phosphides) for LIBs' anodes can be attributed to the Duj,Li (electrochemical potential's deviation) of the Lithium discrepancy in different anionic network sites (uj,Li-values' distinction), offered by the (adjacent to the j-metal-) phosphides' degree of the (association) co-valency (among TMP uj,Li alikeness); so, we have deviation in their uj,Li-values.
The redox active centers in three different systems (MnP4, FeP2, and CoP3) are not necessarily cationic but can rest almost entirely upon the anionic network, thanks to the high degree of co-valency of the metal-phosphorus bond and strong P-character of the uppermost filled electronic bands in the phosphides[1].
The electrochemical mechanism responsible for reversible Li uptake depends on the electrochemical mechanism responsible for reversible Li uptake depends on the transition metal, whether a lithiated ternary phase exists in the phase diagram with the same M:P stoichiometry as the binary phase, and on the structure of the starting phase. When both binary and lithiated ternary phases of the transition metal exist, as in the case of MnP4 and Li7MnP4, a semi-topotactic phase transformation between binary and ternary phases occurs upon lithium uptake and removal[1,2].
1. Study of Transition Metal Phosphides as Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries: Phase Transitions and the Role of the Anionic Network; Denise Carla Cordeiro (thesis 2006) https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/2958/denise2006.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
2. When only the binary phase exists two different behaviors are observed. In the FeP2 system, lithium uptake leads to the formation of an amorphous material in which short-range order persists; removal of lithium reforms some the long-range order bonds. In the case of CoP3, lithium uptake results in phase decomposition to metallic cobalt plus lithium triphosphide, which becomes the active material for the subsequent cycles[1].
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