It is known that Absorption, Emission and scattering property of light can be used in spectroscopy. Is there any other property of light can be used for spectroscopy.
Nuclear magnetic resonance as in NMR for structure elucidation. also if you are looking for something special property- CD (circular dichroism)... but its basically absorption property only.
Yes, one can use the so called dispersion relations to extract spectral information from changes of the refractive index in the vicinity of molecular transitions. This relatively new technique allows e.g. for quantitative spectroscopy of trace-gases.
There are so many other spectroscopic properties that you have not mentioned. I name just a few and you can look at wiki or somewhere to fill in: electron spin resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance; microwave spectroscopy, Raman scattering, photoacoustic spectroscopy, EELS, PES, XANES, ESCA, Auger spectroscopy, diffuse reflection, Mossbauer spectroscopy, to name a few
Under this method, the modulated excitation radiation heats the surface of the sample. As a result of this heat transfer results in a periodic heating of the surface layer of the medium in contact with the sample. The occurrence of a temperature gradient in the environment near the surface and the associated change in its refractive index is detected by the deflection of the probe beam propagating parallel to the surface of the sample (mirage effect) and detected by a position - sensitive photodetector.
2. Ellipsometry allows us to investigate the spectral characteristics of the object (n (ω), k(ω)), by examining the change in polarization of the reflected radiation.
Spectroscopy pertains to the dispersion of an object's light into its component colors (i.e. energies). By performing this dissection and analysis of an object's light, astronomers can infer the physical properties of that object (such as temperature, mass, luminosity and composition). Hence physical properties of an object plays an important role apart from wave length and frequency of light wave