I am working on possible contamination of shallow unconfined aquifers from surface anthropogenic factors, and I am in need of any possible documented methods for estimating aquifer vulnerability directly from geophysical methods.
There are several books and research article you can read. Following might be worth reading for you:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-016-2489-4
https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=FSqvg0gWFC4C&pg=PA1&dq=aquifer+vulnerability&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjo37aXyIbPAhWLQo8KHZZtDjkQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=aquifer%20vulnerability&f=false
https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=LTqEEL6ROcgC&pg=PA14&dq=aquifer+vulnerability&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjo37aXyIbPAhWLQo8KHZZtDjkQ6AEIPDAG#v=onepage&q=aquifer%20vulnerability&f=false
hi
using geoelectrical method (resistivity) as basic geophysical method and gravity method as accessory geophysical method in aquifers study.
Dear Alex,
Geophysical methods are not direct methods; they can only approach you to the understanding of the problem related to the water pollution. Of course, electrical methods are very helpful, but their "answer" will depend of the type of pollutant and the type of aquifer. I can propose you to use not only resistivity measurements, but if possible use also IP (Induced polarization). And, if you can, measure the electrical response of given array (fixed places of the electrodes) several times to see what is the dynamic of the aquifer pollution. Changes of electrical resistivity and polarization in the time can give you some key answers, or some ideas about the process itself.
Dear Alex:
I agree with Prof. Shanov: You can use resistivity and also other methods but remember that the results depends on the geology and specially on the contaminants. If they don't promote a anomaly with enough contrast from the background you won´t detect it. And more then this, even detecting an anomaly, you have an indirect measure so, it depends on your interpretation and it´s not precise as an direct measure such as wells.
Dear Alex,
In addition to the responses by previous respondents, a good reference for contaminants is the paper by Mao et al entitled "Resistivity and self-potential tomography applied to ground water remediation plumes: sand box and field experiments." Journal of Hydrology, September 2015 (authors with Research gate).
An example from Nigeria is the paper by Ugwu et al entitled "Application of electrical resistivity methods and chemical analysis in the study of leachate contamination at inactive open dump site Usan Groove area, Osogbo, southern Nigeria." Academic Journal of Science, CD-ROM. ISSN: 2165-6282 : 05(01):147–166 (2016). I can assist in getting a copy.
Thanks Ogubazghi. Can you send to me links of the mentioned papers. thank you
Dear Alex,
Since vulnerability in granular aquifers is related with the hydrogeological connexions with the vadose zone, Magnetic Resonance Soundings (MRS) provide you directly the water content and the permeability of both (vadose zone and aquifer). A strong correlation is related between the non saturated zone thickness and its hydraulic conductivity with the vulnerability from potential pollution coming from surface activities. If you need more information about MRS (in French and in English) I provide a link above for you.
Best regards
Valentí
http://www.igeotest.fr/RMP/RMP.htm
Alex,
As mentioned above electrical methods (ERT & IP) will likely help identify high concentrations of contaminants in groundwater, assuming the contaminants have sufficient physical property contrasts from the surrounding soil formation. Additionally, depending on the contamination type, the presence of volatile organic compounds (Voc's) for instance may be identifiable using ground penetrating radar. The gaseous vapors given off by the VOCs can change the dielectric constant of the pore-space resulting in signal attenuation where present. II've attached an article titled Temporal GPR Imaging of an ethanol release within a laboratory scaled sand tank. I've also added Electrical Resistivity Characterization of a Reclaimed Gold Mine to Delineate Acid Rock Drainage Pathways. In some instances, if your more concerned about where the contamination might be, using imaging methods that give you information about the subsurface geology can be beneficial. If you have information on the type of contaminant and possible source, you can often delineate where that contamination may have migrated to based on the interpreted subsurface geology. If you are looking to directly image contamination, keep in mind, that for all geophysical methods the contaminants will need to present in relatively high concentrations.
Best of luck,
Dan Glaser
Article Electrical Resistivity Characterization of a Reclaimed Gold ...
Article Temporal GPR imaging of an ethanol release within a laborato...
Dear Alex,
Please find attached the two publications that I was referring in my response.
Good luck
Ghebrebrhan
Thank you all. I deeply and sincerely appreciate all your comments and suggestions.
Alex
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