Currently, three main iron chelators are available for clinical use: deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP), and deferasirox (DFX) .three oral chelators currently available have different disadvantages.
Here are several peer-reviewed journal articles that may help you:
1.
Polymeric Nanoparticles Enhance the Ability of Deferoxamine To Deplete Hepatic and Systemic Iron.
Guo S, Liu G, Frazer DM, Liu T, You L, Xu J, Wang Y, Anderson GJ, Nie G.
Nano Lett. 2018 Aug 9. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02428. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 30085676
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2.
Pilot-scale iron electrocoagulation treatment for natural organic matter removal.
McBeath ST, Mohseni M, Wilkinson DP.
Environ Technol. 2018 Aug 16:1-9. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1505965. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 30074439
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3.
Entropically driven controlled release of paclitaxel from poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) coated maghemite nanostructures for magnetically guided cancer therapy.
Kumar N, Tyeb S, Manzar N, Behera L, Ateeq B, Verma V.
Soft Matter. 2018 Aug 21;14(31):6537-6553. doi: 10.1039/c8sm01220b. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
PMID: 30051119
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4.
Critical Issues in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and Prospects for Novel Treatment.
Li H, Lodish HF, Sieff CA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018 Aug;32(4):701-712. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Jun 5. Review.
Dr. Dennis has added good references. I think from the above list, the nanoformulation of DFO (NP-DFO) is more promising for the treatment of IOL as it has longer half life time and less side effects.
To my knowledge, DFO, DFX and DFP are the only iron chelators that have an approval in Europe by the EMA. However, there are other chelators/formulations under development and - much more importantly - there are new concepts under development to reduce iron burden acting on iron homeostasis or on reducing transfusion frequency like luspatercept.
Combination of DFX + DFP has been used in thalassemia and related conditions.
The have also been tried experimentally in exposure to transuranics, such as eg plutonium.
Reference: Aaseth, J., Crisponi, G., & Anderson, O. (2016). Chelation therapy in the treatment of metal intoxication. Academic Press.
Newer agents are under investigation.
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