Thalamocortical dysfunction and thalamocortical dysrhythmia have been hypothesized to be associated with psychosis, although the exact nature of this relationship is still being researched and understood.

Thalamocortical dysfunction refers to abnormalities in the communication between the thalamus and the cortex, which are key regions of the brain involved in sensory processing, cognition, and consciousness. Thalamocortical dysrhythmia, on the other hand, refers to abnormalities in the rhythmic oscillations of neural activity between the thalamus and the cortex.