Instantons are theoretical predictions mediated by of quantum effects such as tunelling and zero point energy.
Aka pseudoparticles, are solutions to the equations of motion in classical field theories on a Euclidean spacetime.
Ever since the discovery of instanton types solutions to Schrodinger double well potential via wkb approximatiion path integral, the topic has seen impressive growth in theoretical physics.
1. A method is able to incorporate quantum effects such as tunneling and zero-point energy with an efficiency comparable to that of a classical calculation. This will allow us to investigate interesting reactions that have only previously been studied using classical methods. We hope that this approach can give a deeper insight into the ways in which quantum dynamics affect the reaction rates in our universe.
2. Phenomena: Band formation in tight holding models in crystalline solid, decay of supercooled phases, confinement in 2+1 D, decay ofmeta stable nuclei. Structure of gauge theory vacuum
3. The idea behind the Coleman-De Luccia instanton, discovered in 1987, is that the matter in the early Universe is initially in a state known as a false vacuum. A false vacuum is a classically stable excited state which is quantum mechanically unstable. In the quantum theory, matter which is in a false vacuum may 'tunnel' to its true vacuum state. The quantum tunnelling of the matter in the early Universe was described by Coleman and De Luccia
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