When we use a PZT to provide phase-shifting in interferometric applications we have to be aware of its nonlinearities. Today we have new PZTs, and I would like to know if we still face the nonlinearities compromising the results.
The nonlinearity is a fundamental property of piezoceramic due its powder nature. The best materials which can be used for actuation in interferometry are single crystals. For example I and my collegues are creating single crystalline linear hysteresis-free bimorph actuators based on single crystalline LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. Such devices are good for precision optics because their high thermal stability and absence of creep.
For more information here is our last publication DOI: 10.1134/S1063739714080034