1. Is Smartpls the only way to deal with formative constructs?
If we have formative constructs, cant we use SPSS and AMOS? If not, that means that all the studies done on SPSS and AMOS are having only reflective constructs (having similar meaning items)?
2. What to do if i have formative constructs, but want to do EFA & CFA?. Can I do ANOVA, MANOVA and other multivariate tests on formative constructs?
Hi Karan
1. No. In SPSS you could run a principal component analysis which is a model for causal indictors. In AMOS you could set up a model with causal indictors, although there will some restrictions - have a look at some more brilliant work by Bollen on this issue doi: 10.1037/a0024448
2. Yes, you could use principal component analysis to do an 'EFA' although this would not strictly be a factor analysis, and a CFA could be set up with causal indictors.
Once you have a measurement model set up, the ANOVA or MANOVA are not too difficult to specify by using dummy coded variables (and maybe products if you want interactions). Have a look at some of Richard Bagozzi's work from back in the day - it's brilliant.
Article On the Use of Structural Equation Models in Experimental Des...
My usual suggestion when there are questions on formative/reflective constructs is to read everything Ken Bollen has written on this - start with the 'Conventional Wisdom' paper, it's one of the best papers on measurement that has ever been written.
Bollen, K., & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110(2), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.305
1991 was a good year for the nerds!
Mark
1. Amos is typically used for reflective constructs where measurements reflect the construct. For formative constructs, the paper suggests using VTT, MIMIC test, and multi-collinearity test for validation.
see this article
https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=cis_facpub
2. Regarding ANOVA, MANOVA, and other multivariate tests, their applicability to formative constructs depends on the specific research context and the nature of the constructs. While these tests are commonly used in statistical analysis, they may not always be suitable for formative constructs due to their different underlying assumptions.
Check here https://stats4edu.com/services/structural-equation-modeling/
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