German and English come from the same source. Italian, French and Spanish come from Latin. I studied linguistics but I am not specialist and this what I know of the topic. I have a BA in English and I am a native Arabic speaker. I do not see Arabic and English coming from the same source at all.
English and Arabic do not share the same origin. English is a Western Germanic language, and Arabic is a Semitic language. They are genetically and typologically not related.
Arabic and English, to my knowledge, do not share the same origins. English is a germanic language (close to German, Norvegian,..) while Arabic is a semitic one (as Hebrew, Assyrian,..).
The English language and most European languages belong to Indo-european languages, whereas the Arabic language belongs to Afro-asiatic languages (Semitic languages). Yet, there is a theory (rather speculative, but interesting) that all natural languages come from one single source - the Proto-Human language, which developed in the Middle Paleolithic