At present based on weight and pressure we can calculate the amount of gas inside a cylinder ,is there any other possible methods like placing a sensor or by time based system ???
If you know the volume (V) of the cylinder and meassure the pressure (P) and temperature (T) you may calculate the number of moles from an Equation of State.
E.g., from the ideal gas law you would get n=PV/(RT), where n is the number of moles of gas and R is the universal gas constant.
You could use sound or ultrasound... the speed it travels through the cylinder will depend on the density of whats inside. Or look for the resonant frequency of the cylinder.