Water Demand Estimation should be based on future forecasting approach which will depend on so many factors such as predicted population on the targeted future year, whether or not rapid urbanization is expected, human nature of water uses over 24-hr period, etc. etc. Indeed, it is certainly not a linear problem. So, linear programming may not a good solution for this type of problem. Nonlinear stochastic optimization modeling may be a better solution for a tedious problem in this nature.
Many problems can be reduced to linear robust tasks. Unlike stochastic problems, the solution will converge in polynomial time for large dimensions.
I do not see any obstacles to make it from general considerations.
Although, of course you need to see your set parameters.
Oh, I forgot about the article. Look A. Nemirovski and work rabostnym optimization techniques.
Hi, I guess you already know but to emphasize again, the problem should be linear and if it is nonlinear you should calculate how much nonlinear it is. My article 'https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257141691_Optimized_Sustainable_Groundwater_Extraction_Management_General_Approach_and_Application_to_the_City_of_Lucknow_India' has some insights.
Article Optimized Sustainable Groundwater Extraction Management: Gen...
I found an article. Shown that the problem is not in the nonlinear ideal reshaetsya.TOlko linear models provide sustainable solutions
A.Goryashko, A.Nemirovski Robust energy cost optimization of water distribution system with uncertain demand
http://www.optimization-online.org/DB_FILE/2011/02/2932.pdf
It all about how you define your problem. You can estimate water demand for any future year using system dynamics, and them can optimize the factors affecting water demand using linear programming. In this case, it would be a decision-making problem.
See
Optimizing the operation of the Haifa-A water-distribution network
http://www.iwaponline.com/jh/009/jh0090051.htm
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