Free fatty acids such as DHA, EPA are known to modulate physiological functions in our body via Free fatty acid receptors. What about other forms of fatty acid such as phospholipids?
Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. Kindly check the following RG link:
Article Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease
Kindly check the following RG link:
Article Metabolism meets immunity: The role of free fatty acid recep...
Kindly check https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00041.2018
Also check https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/physrev.00041.2018
And https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00162/full