Thanks @Abid Hussain for that contribution. I will investigate ad generate data on that region.

Thanks to their knowledge, some smallholders have succeeded in making a significant contribution to the rural economy while playing an important role in the conservation of natural resources, despite their limited means in general. Africa is an example among others of this type of very frequent smallholdings. Thus, supporting smallholder farmers widely is very useful in enabling them to increase productivity, food security, standard of living and for agro-system management.

file:///C:/Users/DELL/Downloads/10.1007s11250-020-02433-0.pdf

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/51341604.pdf

https://www.amazon.com/Indigenous-Smallholder-Livelihood-Agro-ecosystem-Management-ebook/dp/B01N7KGZYU

Sure. However, giving scientific explanation and in-depth understanding of the knowledge helps a lot. As some local practices are useful, others can be also harmful.

Very interesting.

I think it is depending on the situation. For instance combining indigenous knowledge and conventional methods has been used in some jurisdictions and helped smallholder farmers determine how much rains are expected in a particular year if applied correctly e.g normal rains, drought conditions, floods etc

Agree with Hafida Rahal-Bouziane.

Traditional knowledge along with scientific management and utilization of integration of applied techniques both of them not only would profit for agricultural ecosystems they are but also for natural ecosystems.

Yes, I think it is very important.

I see it from an engagement point of view from both end, farmers and researchers. Farmers come forward with indigenous knowledge that is based on experiences of several generations and researchers bring their up to date knowledge from a different world. They need to talk to the end that they both see the value of knowledge from each other and come far to accept each others wisdom with confidence. And new knowledge forms.

The use of farm yard manure is a traditional practice which is still effective to small rural farmer in Africa. So it depends on the situation one looks at it. It improves soil texture and water retention in draught situation in addtion fertility of the soil.

I believe so, because the secular indigenous knowledge knows the agroecological dynamics and uses them in a sustainable way, although in a certain way it depends on the locations. I think that there will be differences between different countries and even within a country there will be differences between regions.

Arlindo Rodrigues Fortes , Ahmed Gidado , Ahmad Salahuddin , Haji Saediman , Md. Abdur Razzak Choudhury , Hamid Reza Farhang , Faraed Salman , Terri Purvis

M.K. Tripathi

Absolutely yes, indigenous knowledge (IK) prioritize diversity and agroecological farming. These are vital in producing crops without sacrificing the environment. This IK does not mean new technologies should irradicate old farming methods but instead a method that worth to cherish and incorporate for the betterment of all.

Jesryl Paulite Insightful and that is the way to go...

Your welcome sir, I am hoping also that you can read some of my researches and outputs and recommended/cite. I will recommend yours! thank you so much!

Jesryl Paulite , Appreciative will also read your research articles for synergy and recommend your interesting articles. Thanks

Jesryl Paulite , Arlindo Rodrigues Fortes , Ahmed Gidado , Ahmad Salahuddin , Haji Saediman , Md. Abdur Razzak Choudhury , Hafida Rahal-Bouziane , Terri Purvis

Dear Ronald Buye Thank you very much for sharing the documents, it is a very valuable investigation.

Arlindo Rodrigues Fortes you are welcome...

Thank you, Sir. No question on the raised issue, and farmers are really farm managers in their indigenous knowledge. They need only what they have not, ie; mechanization. Livelihood security and ecosystem management in developing countries sustained mainly through the application of smallholders' indigenous knowledge.

Yes Belay Zerga Seware , this is indeed true and you are giving insight on this topic about IK.

I think still the indigenous knowledge is valid and important in developing rural livelihood. However, my suggestion is integrated approaches are more appropriate depending on the context. We must blend indigenous knowledge with modern approaches for sustainability as well as efficiency.

Madhavi Wijerathna thanks for this approach, needs more research on how and whether it works.

Ronald Buye , Yes it needs more exploration on how to integrate. Our recent research will give you insight from one aspects on how to use indigenous/ local knowledge and practices on underutilized vegetables can be used. Article Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of rural women in t...

This is another example of a case study which helps rural ecological farmers .Article Evaluation of Short Organic Food Supply Chains with Special ...

There are many other ways to improve rural livelihoods through their local and sustainable practices.