I encountered a problem while sintering BatiO3...density, dielectric and piezoelectric properties are very low compared to bulk samples because some residual phosphorous got adsorbed on the surface of BaTiO3 particles and is not decomposing even by firing at 650/2h. Can any one suggest how to overcome this problem.
Hello,
If you do not want to change your maximum temperature to avoid microstructural modifications (grain growth, etc), you can slow down the heating rate. In my case with YSZ and BaInTiO3 it works well.
Good luck
thibaud
If you are using phosphater ester as a dispersant (for example the famous Triton X), you cannot remove the phosphate residue even over 700C. So, I recommend you using the other types of dispersant whose hydrophilic end-group made of carboxylic acid. You can have almost similar dispersion ability of dispersant but, COOH terminated dispersant remains lower char after sintering process.