You can also use milk as a scattering medium. Note, that most lipid-based solutions (including Intralipid and milk) are predominant scatterers. While their scattering is pretty close to that one of biological tissues, their absorption is quite low. If you don't care about it, you can use them as is. However, if you want to mimic both absorption and scattering of a certain tissue, you would need to add (dissolve) some dye (or multiple dyes) that would give you both the correct spectral dependence and the absolute value of the absorption coefficient.
@Subhamoy Mandal: thanks for your reply. I never thought that whipping cream can be used as a substitute. Will try to find one in any bakery shops here.
@Serge Grabtchak: another alternative that can be considered. As you mentioned in your reply, we will use intralipid as a source of scatterers. I have another question to ask, if let say we need a specific reduced scattering coefficient which is wavelength dependent, how can we obtain it? We don't have specific instrument to measure it, so is there a way to get the desired values for instance; by using titration equation and etc.
Anida,
Usually, one would need a combination of measurements, calculations and dilutions. Take a look at the attached articles and links. I believe, it would be very useful for what you're trying to accomplish.
Regards,
Serge
http://docs.autodesk.com/MENTALRAY/2013/ENU/mental-ray-help/files/shaders/reference/node38.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7755493
@Serge Grabtchak: Many thanks. These papers and the links are what I'm looking for.
@ Subhamoy Mandal: I could not access the article. Mind to send the correct link? Thanks.
Anida,
You may also want to look at the scattering additives to paint. I've successfully utilized Ropaque (polydispersed polystyrene spheres, Rohm and Hass) and titanium oxide.
r/
David
David,
Care to share how do you make it using those materials you mention above? Maybe any published article mention about that phantom scattering recipe? Thanks.
Titanium oxide is typically utilized for solid (resin or elastomere) phantoms. I'm afraid I haven't used Ropaque in ~15 yrs and there are several versions of it so my recipes are out of date. In 2001, I used ~5%.
A search for "titanium dioxide scattering coefficient" should lead you to an article or three that fit your needs.
This paper reviews a variety of methods to make optical phantoms, including lipids, gelatin, resin, metallic alloy powders and so on.
B. W. Pogue and M. S. Patterson, “Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry.,” J. Biomed. Opt., vol. 11, no. 4, p. 041102, 2009.
Hi Paolo,
Thanks for your feedback. I know that article; it has been my reference since I started doing this project. (^^)
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