This attached file is a chapter of a book related to effect of external filed on diffusion behavior of Cu atoms.

Please find attached a full-text version of the this chapter. that there describe theory and physical aspect of it.

" Electromigration arises from the motion of atoms under the

influence of intense electric field and current. The imbalance of atomic

flux at some critical sites in metal lines results in the formation of voids

or extrusions, resulting in failure of the chips. Electromigration in Al(Cu)

thin films has been a subject of extensive studies for several

decades."

The presence of a magnetic field can modify the diffusion process of atoms due to change of the energetic level of some atom groups or dislocation walls and can lead to decreasing of the mobility of atoms.

I'm not sure about magnetic field, but concerning the effects of electric field on diffusion, nearly every book on the physics of diffusion offers more or less extended chapter on the matter - see, e.g., the books by P.Shewmon "Diffusion in Solids", by H.Meher "Diffusion in Solids" or P.Heitjand&J.Kärger (Eds.) "Diffusion in Condensed Matter" to start with. As well, the books on thermodynamics, e.g., by de Groot, can shed some light.

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This debate is interesting for me, can I ask any change/diffusion in the crystalline materials like manganites with electrical and magnetic field. In my recent manuscript (which is published now), previously I was stuck with my argument in which I try to established that the oxygen vacancies under magnetic field can change the oxidation state of manganese. Later on I have to change this argument and focus defects and phase competition for the presence of anomaly in the magnetization data.

The presence of a magnetic and electric convergennce field have impact on the diffusion process of atoms due to change of the energetic levels of some atoms leads to grouping or dislocation and can lead to modify the mobility of atoms

@ Dr Dharmasa Hemadrasa: This sounds logical. Do you have an evidence for this statement from any investigations in metals? Must therefore magnetic flux or the frequency (in case of alternating magnetic field) may be included in Fick's law ?

@ Rene Schuerer: I recommend to look up irreversibel theromdynamics literature. Lars Onsager desribed the influence of forces on diffusion. An electric field can produce a drift term in the diffusion equation (electro transport). Magnetic fields do not (if I remember correctly). This is for metals, ionic species may behave differently.

recently, i also found the influence the effect of electric current on metal atom diffusion in my experiment. but i do not how to explain it. I am interested in this topic.

Roc D,

I think take time as the reference axis to explain the effect of electric current on metal atom diffusion in the experiment or % diffusion or % dislocation % disturbance in the atomic structure. Can you please be elaborate on the type of your experiment with constraints or assumptions.

Dharmasa H.

thanks, in my experiment, when a high-density electric current was applied across two mirror metal surface. the two surface was connected into together. I think it was a atom diffusion process, not a welding process. next step, I also need prove it. hence i try to get some reference about the effect of electric current on atom diffusion.