In underwater acoustic communication, what is the formula used to calculate transmission loss due to multipath propagation in shallow water?

01 January 1970 0 3K Report

In underwater acoustic communication, the transmission loss in shallow water due to direct path propagation is calculated by the formula TL = 10 log r + abs.coeff x r x 10-3 where r is the range in meters. In the same shallow water, for multipath propagation, the formula given in Principles of Underwater Sound by Urick is given as TL = 20 log r + abs.coeff x r + 60 - kl where kl is the near field anomaly. But this formula is for the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 kHz. Suppose we want to calculate the transmission loss for higher frequency ranges, then what is the formula to be used? Please clarify with some reference if possible.

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