In focus reduction neutralization assays, we apply a virus and serum mixture to a monolayer of cells. After infection, incubation, fixing, and staining we count the number of foci (formed from staining proteins released by dead cells) in order to determine if the sera applied to the cells blocked viral infection. We have been doing these assays for years and all of a sudden there has been a lot of variation in the virus phenotypes in our assays. We have a consistent incubator temperature, we have used the same cell line (vero-81 cells), same virus strains, media, etc. The only difference is different sera samples. Can anyone explain this?

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