Increasing temperature is expected to increase mineralization
of organic matter and consequent release of nutrients like, N & P in terrestrial ecosystem. Climate change will increase the nutrient losses to surface water
firstly by accelerating soil processes such as mineralization
of organic matter. It may advance growing phase and induce a shift in crop growth. This will warrant soil and crop management too,
Many studies have shown growing season N mineralization and nitrification to be highly sensitive to soil moisture and temperature (Gilliam et al., 2001; Knoepp and Swank 2002; Paul and others 2003 ). Results from a meta-analysis of experimental warming experiments at 32 sites showed that experimental warming in the range 0.3–6.0 C increased net N mineralization rates by 46% (Rustad et al., 2001 ). However, consistent with our results, several recent studies in cool
temperate climates suggest that moisture may be a more important driver of soil N cycling than temperature during the growing season (Morecroft et al., 1992; Fernandez et al., 2000; Bohlen et al., 2001; Christ et al., 2002; Bonitoet al., 2003
; Venterea et al., 2003; Johnson et al., 2008; Griffiths et al., 2009).
In addition to mentioned above, climate change increase in availability of Mn, Zn Fe in the rhizosphere (Rengel, 2015), Please read the abstract below, which was published in Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.
This review paper critically assesses the literature on soil-microbe-plant interactions influencing availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. The emphasis is placed on Zn and Mn, but Fe is also covered to some extent.
Micronutrient availability in the rhizosphere is controlled by soil and plant properties, and interactions of roots with microorganisms and the surrounding soil. Plants exude a variety of organic compounds (carboxylate anions, phenolics, carbohydrates, amino acids, enzymes, etc.) and inorganic ions (protons, phosphate, etc.) to change chemistry and biology of the rhizosphere and increase micronutrient availability. Increased availability may result from solubilization and mobilization by short-chain organic acid anions, amino acids and other low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Acidification of the rhizosphere soil increases mobilization of micronutrients (eg. for Zn, 100-fold increase in solubility for each unit of pH decrease).
For diffusion-supplied micronutrients, the uptake rate is governed by the soil nutrient supply. Fertilisation with micronutrients (more so in case of Zn than Fe) can be effective in increasing the concentration of micronutrients at the soil-root interface. In addition, micronutrient-efficient crops and genotypes can increase an available nutrient fraction and hence increase micronutrient uptake.
Our understanding of the physiological processes governing exudation and the soil-plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is currently inadequate, especially in terms of spatial and temporal variability in root exudation as well as the fate and effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds in increasing availability of soil micronutrients and undesirable trace elements. The interactions between microorganisms and plants at the soil-root interface are particularly important as well obscure.
Interesting discussion to a most popular topic now a days discussed so frequently..
From: Ollivier Girard/CIFOR, SciDevNet, More from this Affiliate
Published November 1, 2013 06:13 AM
Impacts of climate change on soils
The increased aridity expected this century as a result of climate change may disrupt the balance of key soil nutrients with a knock-on effect on soil fertility threatening livelihoods of more than two billion people, a study finds.The drop in nitrogen and carbon concentrations that occurs as soils become dryer could have serious effects on ecosystem services such as food production, carbon storage and biodiversity, according to the Nature paper published today.
Loss of nitrogen and carbon, which are the basic building blocks of living organisms, drastically affects land’s productivity, says Fernando T. Maestre, a biologist and geologist from King Juan Carlos University, Spain, and a co-author of the report. "If plant productivity is reduced, the capability of the land to support livestock and crops will be affected and this will have a big impact on people who depend on them," he tells SciDev.Net. Drylands make up more than 40 per cent of the world's land area, and host a similar proportion of the world's population. Many are expected to get drier because of climate change.
This is widely discussed topic. However, my concern is that the results of many climate models may not predict the reality. Keeping one factor as constant and various degrees of the another factor through time of sowing experiments may not provide the true picture of climate change. There are some possibilities wherein the growth chamber results are published as there is some dependency of the data. In the real sense, simulation of the real climate regime may not be possible. Hence i recommend you to go through climate change studies from the forest environment where you can get some valid conclusions.
Please find some interesting facts about the issue , you have raised...
Climate Change: Improving Soil Fertility is Key to Increasing Food Security
05.05.2015
Climate change has increased temperatures and low rainfall has seen a decrease in the land biomass which sustains soil fertility. A major challenge is the lack of awareness among farming communities of the links between soil fertility and the diverse livelihood problems that they are facing as they struggle to adapt to climate change, noted a report on Participatory Action Research and Integrated Soil Fertility Management by the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) research and capacity development program. Soil infertility in the Taita hills is attributed to soil erosion, poor land management practices in crop harvest export, poor livestock keeping and low leguminous crop cover.
Soil fertility is a function of quiet a number of things, explains Mugambi: how the farmers manage the field, the topography of the field and the parent rock material. And in Taita hills soil fertility rises and falls with altitude, the higher you go the more fertile the soils are as there is more vegetation and rainfall.Integrated Soil Fertility Management is the combination of a proven set of concepts, principles and practices that lead to the efficient use of available organic and inorganic resources to maintain or improve soil fertility, thus leading to sustainable crop production for household food and income security, as well as enhanced livelihoods, the report noted. Source ;Article cited from: http://goo.gl/eXlZ6d
All physical, chemical as well as bio-chemical transformations show positive or negative inter-relationships to environmental conditions. Acceptance as positive or negative depends on the observational perspectives; so is for nutrient availability and here the intention is to look on good and bad effects to plants. The outcome could be a blend of good and bad as we need to consider at least 13 nutrients tagged to plant species,variety etc. Hence, the monitoring and interpretation have to be well targeted.
Anyway, the comprehensive effect is what matters in the end, as I feel, which is so complex beyond our scientific thinking as we know very very little; Once Lord Buddha said "What I know is perhaps only about a leaf of a tree of a forest and what I do not know would be all the other aspects related the forest". Can we conclude with what we know correctly ?????
Let me toss up another question in the context of such an informative ongoing discussion , already peaked up...Do you feel, there will be different microbial diversity vis-a-vis crop phenological growth stages , resultantly , pool size of different nutrients in soil will also undergo reorientation..?
Dr. Srivastava,good question and it is definitely so. In the ecosystem living organisms interact with each other for their survival. The types of interactions are mutualism, cooperation, commensalism, amensalism, parasitism/ or exploitation, inter-specific competition, antagonism and predation. So, depends on microbial diversity and crop phenolic growth stages mainly rhizosphere population is always changing. There may be microbe-microbe interaction, plant-microbe interaction, faunal-microbe interaction, faunal-faunal interaction. Accordingly pool size of different nutrients are re-orientated. The availability of nutrients mainly depends upon the capability of the major organisms to release the particular enzymes which can make particular nutrients into available form. The nutrient concentration also varies depend upon the requirement of survival organisms.