You can 'extract' water from the atmosphere almost anywhere - but make a distinction between 'arid' and 'desert'. Even though there is miles thick ice, most of Antarctica is considered 'arid'. Even primitive cultures have devised methods for harvesting water vapor under specific local conditions, but a general solution requires energy inputs - in fact the 'water from air' is one of the more prevalent scams pervasive on the Internets ( https://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/2017/05/04/water-woo-devices/ ). 'Solar Stills' are a stock survival item.

The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a row of valleys west of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, so named because of their extremely low humidity and lack of snow and ice cover. Photosynthetic bacteria have been found living in the relatively moist interior of rocks. Scientists consider the Dry Valleys to be the closest of any terrestrial environment to Mars.

https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1536.html