I think this is what we call service composition. My data is related to learner preferences and from that I have to derive services. Learner preferences are stored in Ontology so do I have to choose semantic web services or web services and what is the difference between both of them?
Thanks
Using semantic web services you are able to "give" a meaning to the service and messages. This permits you to exploit other semantic services and be compatible with them interchanging semantic data. Using web services without semantic layer, you can exchange messages using only a syntactic interoperability.
The choice depends on what you need to do and what are the requirements.
Thanks. I need to define the most appropriate services for learners based on their behaviour stored in my ontology. Also, to find out students who share the same skills and behaviour or at least close to each others.
Ok, so you have to share data with your ontology. I think that semantic web services could be the best choice.
Go for Semantic web services as you have mentioned ontological data. I second Dario's opinion
When each of you refer to semantic web services what tools are there actually out there to execute this approach? This would highlight the comparative benefit as well as make implementation possible. I for one would be interested, thanks.
Since you use ontology, it is better to use semantic and everyone now working on semantic matching.
Thank you all for your responses. Again, from the description I wrote in the question it is ok to go for semantic web services. But what are the tools and requirements that I have to use or depend on based on that decision. For example, WSDL, UDDI and SOAP/RESTful should be used for web services case. What are their alternatives in semantic web services case? Is it OWL-S, WSDL-S ?
Thanks
I think yes you might use those 2 standards. you will need to find a way to map the domain ontology to service ontology. but this is not what you want to do only, as I understood you will have three main components 1) domain knowledge about learners and their behavior 2) the collected data need to be stored somewhere. and you need to identify the relations between number of variables (e.g. age, visited site, registered course, scored marked, skills, other recorded issues, etc) 3) how service (BPEL and WSDL) can be invoked according to the stored knowledge. or based on particular event (have a look at event driven SOA).
Have a look at this paper it might help
http://scholarpublishing.org/index.php/TMLAI/article/view/784/784
Thank you Amjad. What standards you mean? OWL-S, WSDL-S?
I think you are right when you mentioned three components and will have a look at the paper to see how this can be done.
Thanks again
Rawad
Think about the following before you start with the language:
The relation between domain concepts, the semantic relations are covered in the ontology. but there is another type of relations. for example, If the learner gender is X and his age is Y, with N learning experience then he can called Z therefore invoke service S1 which have sequence of activities described using BPEL.
Logical formulation also needed to execute the reasoning (Look at Description logics (DL))
You need also to build some algorithms to calculate particular indicators. e.g. calculate the student`s mark average and the medium average of the class, if the students marks average less than the medium average then the student need to go through special investigation (described by either one action or series of action (business process))
Once you have these formalized, you can start think about technology. Amjad
Thanks Amjad for your answers. You are absolutely right in saying that. But I need to clarify one issue before I go further. If we have information about students and learning contexts in ontology and we seek to find the suitable web services based on these semantic data and other related information, then what is the need for semantic web services? and most importantly, why do researchers opt for semantic web services instead of web services?
I think that my understanding for the latter term is not clear! Am I right?
Thanks
Using OWL-s you can create semantic description of the web service itself, this is also true but in different approach using WSDL-s, you can describe semantically the requirements an capabilities of the web service. I think you will use WSDL-s if you want put some of the domain knowledge into the service. Personally I think you can use RDFs/OWL with SAWSDL/WSDL-s. No need for OWL-s
Remember WSDL is a service description language uses XML and RDF/OWL also a semantic description language uses XML. so OWL-s is a way to describe the service semantic using ontology language. and WSDL-s is a way to bring structured semantic to service description language. Do you need them? maybe not, complete further your analysis and it will be clear for you if there is a scientific contribution those standards can add (the OWL-S and WSDL-S). BTW there is mapping transferring between RDFs and WSDL available also in the market.
See the examples in these papers:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.59.549&rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/A.Finkelstein/papers/dimls.pdf
Many thanks for your answers Amjad. I will continue my analysis and will come back with more mature requirements so decision can be taken easily.
Thanks
Hi,
If you didn't got the answer for your question yet, I advice you to get a look on this paper merging the Business Process and Semantic Web Services:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6911327&queryText=belouadha&newsearch=true
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