If working on a scientific type study, would either try to collaborate with a radiology society to get an IRB/ethical approved survey to distribute to members or a systematic review could be considered. Note that similar to 3D printing, radiologists do not use virtual reality to interpret radiology imaging studies (except for a few papers), but it is more of surgeons, proceduralists, and perhaps some interventional radiologists using VR from radiology imaging data for pre-operative planning. So, while one strategy may be to focus on diagnostic radiologists, the real target users may be surgeons, cardiologists, and other non-surgical procedural specialties. Similar to 3D printing, some of the VR uses published studies are centered around language like "would be useful in patient care" rather than the fewer studies that actually use it in the course of a patient's care.

Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie

I suggest to the read these articles:

1. Article Methodology for Clinical Trials of Virtual Reality in Health...

2. Article Virtual reality in interventional radiology education: a sys...

3. Article Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education...

4 .https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-020-01531-2

5. Article A research agenda for augmented and virtual reality in archi...

6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131519301563

7. https://www.jmir.org/2021/9/e22942

8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350316242_Application_of_virtual_reality_in_computer_science_education_A_systemic_review_based_on_bibliometric_and_content_analysis_methods

I would recommend simple random sampling method, to ensure equal chance of selecting members of the study population (radiologists).

Could you please elaborate the meaning of virtual reality?

Muniraju M Maralakunte when talking about VR Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie means probably either desktop-based VR or immersive VR [1], foundational technologies of the Metaverse [2]. A comparative research design would be useful to reveal eventual effects. If possible focus on the applied learning approach to include active interaction and immersion as Prof Young Kim

[1] Pellas, N., Mystakidis, S., & Kazanidis, I. (2021). Immersive Virtual Reality in K-12 and Higher Education: A systematic review of the last decade scientific literature. Virtual Reality, 25(3), 835–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-020-00489-9

Article Immersive Virtual Reality in K-12 and Higher Education: A sy...

[2] Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486–497. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010031 - available here:

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/2/1/31/htm

Article Metaverse

[3] Mystakidis, S., Christopoulos, A., & Pellas, N. (2021). A systematic mapping review of augmented reality applications to support STEM learning in higher education. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10682-1

Article A Systematic Mapping Review of Augmented Reality Application...

Data AR STEM Taxonomy

Thanks a lot Stylianos Mystakidis

Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie You question is very niche and specific; i may not necessary have answer on sampling technique. On side note, based on past experience of designing POC for converting digital x-ray provided by radiology team into VR Experience; for pre-surgery; biggest challenge faced is content sanity. Since radiology outputs are 3d images and VR experience is 3d objects. So at some point in future you may have to think through as to how to provide uniform experience to radiologist between digital x-ray and VR.

Thanks @ Dhav.al Sahija

welcome Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie