As we all would appreciate that the current agenda of "Global Warming and Climate Change" is threatening seriously the ECOSYSTEM of the world including plants, animals, and humans. Regarding Climate Change, International leading authorities enforce the countries worldwide to adopt the preparatory conditions (mainly limiting the CARBON emissions and increasing the usage of GREEN and sustainable energy) according to the Climatic Agreement settled in Paris (F). Further, regarding Global Warming, officials in Geography and Geology seriously warn us that global warming (excessive heat) has to be limited up to 3 degrees Celcius (or by 1.7 degrees Celcius ideally) by the end of 2100. As we can see clearly that global (drinkable) water sources of any kind have already started to decrease dramatically preventing normal water supply for drinking and irrigation. Sudden and excessive raining damages the cities and countries (Northern part (Black Sea region) of Turkey and some countries in Europe (e.g. Germany).
Considering the excess level in global heat, we see the fast disappearance of the snow masses on the top of the mountains (mountain Himalaya, Nepal), faster melting in the persistent large snow masses in Antarctica continent, drought in agriculture, shorter rainy/snowy season, and longer summer heat (e.g. AFRICA), common fires, such as in Amazones (Latin America), Italy, Greece (Europe), and Turkey (Eurasia), and enlarged arid areas everywhere in the world.
Ruminants are known to produce some critical gases such as carbon dioxide-CO2, "methane-CH4", and nitrous oxide-N2O that the excess levels are undesirable for the Universe as leading to global warming and climate change afterwards. Considering the ANIMAL WELFARE in high yielding Dairy/Twinning Ruminants (e.g. Holstein Cows, Chios ewes, Saanen does), both the scientists and other stakeholders (such as animal owners, caretakers, marketing officials, consumers, and Food/Health officials) have to pay urgent attention to provide "comfort" level to the farm animals (ruminants in particular) for breeding, feeding, and husbandry.
In this regard, once again, we would like to draw the attention of colleagues who are much more concerned with the well-being of the universe including heavy load workers -RUMINANTS-producing much of the animal protein needed (namely meat and milk). In this respect, cattle and buffaloes need much water (around 17-18 Liter to produce 1 kg unite of meat as compared to those of sheep and goats (around 8 Liter per unit ) and pigs and poultry (6 Liter or even lesser per unit). So, it appears that a REALLY hard task is awaiting in front of us to be dealt with utmost care for strategic planning and then implemented in all the sectors involved.
Thank you all for your valuable contributions.
Global Warming and Climate Change will have negative effects on Reproduction, Body Temperature, Management and Feeding in all living organisms including cattle. In other words, global warming will causes heat stress on cattle and will alter many physiological and growth traits. APPs will be changes whether the positive APPs (increasing) or negative (decreasing) in cattle. I think that global warming will reduce reproduction, and increase Tcore of cattle and the whole cattle production will be negatively affects in the near future. another factor that should be taken into account that the Global Warming and Climate Change will effect negatively on the availability of feeds and vegetation that needs by cattle as a main source of feed.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030256911948
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21700056/
These might be of help
It is known that global warming directly affects the reduction of plant growth in general, including natural pasture plants, which is the main source of cattle feeding .