There is a lot of literature on determining the quality of charcoal, however the dynamics of use are entirely different.
Monitoring the changes in the soil quality (changes in the physical and chemical characters) by biochar can be one of the ways to assess the quality. Field trials and pot trials can also be viable options. What do you think? I would also love to hear about the use of spectroscopy (of which I don't have any idea) to examine the structure of biochar.