I am wondering how extreme temperatures will affect asteroids whether it is a change in physical or chemical properties and possibly affecting the atomic structure?
The scientific contributions that I offer you in this list will be of use to you. Review them carefully and you will find abundant information on the effect of temperature variation on asteroids.
Diurnal temperature variation as the source of the preferential direction of fractures on asteroids: Theoretical model for the case of Bennu
Network of thermal cracks in meteorites due to temperature variations: New experimental evidence and implications for asteroid surfaces
Laboratory studies on the 3 μm spectral features of Mg-rich phyllosilicates with temperature variations in support of the interpretation of small asteroid surface spectra
Implications for Ice Stability and Particle Ejection From High-Resolution Temperature Modeling of Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Record of low-temperature alteration in asteroids ( Book Chapter)
A method to derive surface thermophysical properties of asteroid (162173) Ryugu (1999JU3) from in-situ surface brightness temperature measurements
Thermal evolution and sintering of chondritic planetesimals IV. Temperature dependence of heat conductivity of asteroids and meteorites
Predictions of depth-to-ice on asteroids based on an asynchronous model of temperature, impact stirring, and ice loss
Nondestructive methods to estimate rock strength at low temperature: Applications for asteroid capture technologies
The surface composition and temperature of asteroid 21 lutetia as observed by Rosetta/VIRTIS
The surface composition and temperature of asteroid 21 lutetia as observed by Rosetta/VIRTIS
Temperature history and dynamical evolution of (101955) 1999 RQ 36: A potential target for sample return from a primitive asteroid
Thermal simulation of asteroid surface temperature and Yarkowski effect
Record of low-temperature alteration in asteroids
Effects of water temperature on embryonic development in the northern pacific asteroid, asterias amurensis, from the southern coast of korea
A new method to estimate the size and the surface temperature distribution of asteroids