Melisa, R., et al (2025). Critical Thinking in the Age of AI: A Systematic Review of AI's Effects on Higher Education. Educational Process: International Journal, 14, e2025031. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.14.31
This article emphasizes the importance of the teacher's role in designing activities that require critical evaluation of AI-generated responses, but it does not provide a comprehensive pedagogical model or case studies detailing the effective implementation of these strategies.
Among the evidence found (based on the 19 studies reviewed), it mentions results such as: 1) Critical thinking improves only when students are required to justify, contrast, or improve the responses provided by the AI. 2) In environments where AI is used without active supervision or reflection, critical thinking tends to deteriorate.