Sieving is a common technology for size separation of particles, lowest technical cut size is 25 micron. However, you have to attend the reactivity of your phosphor modification.
What is the scale of the task: Lab, pilot, production?
I would not trust conventional dry sieving below 50 micron, especially if the particles are not perfectly round.
How about air jet sieving for lab or pilot size through-put and for higher precision. Has to be calibrated first and relies on a constant density of the particles.