To synthesise MXenes, I'm utilising the HF etching procedure, where some articles recommend using 10 mL of 10% HF solution and others recommend 40mL of 40% HF solution. I'm not sure how much HF and water to take. Can someone explain it to me?
The percentages here are probably weight percent, not molar or volume, right? Then a 10% HF solution means you mix 100g HF with 900g water. Of course you don't use pure HF liquid, even diluted HF is already dangerous enough. One standard concentration that's sold would be 48%, so you have 48g HF in 100g solution. In order to get to 40%, you would have to solve 0,4=48g/(100g+m) which is of course m=20g of water you have to add. If you have another starting concentration, swap the number correspondingly.
WARNING WARNING DANGER DANGER
HF is not like other mineral acids that look similar. You spill HCl on yourself, you rinse it off, no problem. You spill HF on yourself and the F- ions eat into your flesh, killing it, until eventually neutralized by the calcium in your bones. Exposure to drop can require partial partial digit amputation. Treatment may include multiple injections around the exposure site with calcium gluconate to neutralize the F- ions.
Since you are asking a very basic question, I say: Don't do it!
Hopefully I have your attention. Of course, it can be worked with, but get safety training on this specific material first.
If you have 48% HF (w/w) solution, and you want to prepare 20 ml 40% HF (w/w) solution,
Use the equation C1 X V1 = C2 X V2
C1 = 48% ; C2 = 40% ; V2 = 20ml
This gives, V1 = 16.67ml
Thus you need to dilute 16.67ml of 48% HF (w/w) solution to a final volume of 20ml with distilled or deionized water. The resulting 20ml solution will be 40% HF (w/w).
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