In view of fast , increasing urbanisation and industrialisations , in addition to disturbed climating condition. as well as Deforestation and loss of water bodies , Our water requirements becoming more and more. it becomes necessary to think about future prospect of water for survival.
The water saved is water produced.... If we reduce the area under water guzzling crops and resort to less water consuming high value crops will certainly increase the quantity of water in a particular region.
Secondly the practices of water management and water budgering can also provoke the user to save water.. Need based irigation and using the trickle irrigation, drip irrigation and water recharging structure in the household areas will add another advantage to the waters production for theb future.
So far as the quality is concerned it can be improved by examining the causes of water pollution and curbing them by proper techniques.... Such as providing the state of the art treatment plant to the industrial units. The need based usw of agrochemicals in the crops which percolates in the soil deeper zone joining the aquifer and pollute the soil water.
Awareness and information of such nuisance is the key to tackle such situation and hence quality and quantities of water can be maintained.,... Although difficult but not impossible.....
From my point of view.
We can do this by injecting underground reservoirs with seasonal surface water resources, they are often clean and safe.
I completed such this study in southern Lebanon
This a very interesting post. I agree with the comment by Nasser Farhat
The first step towards improving the quality of GW is establishing the current quality state and possible sources of pollution - Anthropogenic such as industrial effluents from mining activities, leachates from landfills, etc, and Seawater intrusion, as in the case of coastal aquifers... From there vulnerability analysis could be carried out to help in managing the abstraction rates such as the siting and number of boreholes...
As others rightly pointed out, if the quality has deteriorated to extremely high levels, groundwater remediation techniques could be employed e.g. natural attenuation, immobilization etc.. However, GW pollution and reclaiming the quality are usually on large time scales of years, and decades. Therefore, the best case scenario is preventing the GW from getting overly contaminated in the first place..
As regards the quantity, managing the recharge and abstraction rates will go a long way...
Controlled use of ground water (or restrictions), use of alternative water resources to groundwater. Moreover, groundwater recharge will increase the quantity of GW.
Quality: Avoid the contaminations, regulations, ..... there are many.
We know there are several types of aquifers, Confined, free, .... and that lake out of the border of aquifers.
So each case has a different way of dealing with it.
Avoiding superficial erosion by planting trees in bare lands is another way of improving quality and quantity of groundwater. Forests are natural regulators of water flows in soils.
It is better to protect fresh/groundwater from wastage, Most of the rain water drain to nala/ ponds/ . awareness in water conservation system advancement in desalination. processes. Recycling of used water. Replacement of water for daily use.
This depends on the capabilities of each country. Especially in relation to the application of the regulations and laws applicable procedure, in addition to fighting corruption and corrupt.
Dear Virendra
I recommend this book:
Book Groundwater quality protection - a guide for water utilities...
Encouraging policy formation by government and observing the policy
NGOs along with government organisations should come forward to promote such activities.
Awareness of masses to uses water judiciously and development short duration and low water requiring crops. Increasing the water recharge structures , promoting the vertcal cropping etc...
Dear Som pal Singh, thanks for your interest in this subject.
Every one should realized the depth of this problem. without water life is difficult.
Humans have pumped enough water from underground reservoirs to shift Earth’s geographic North Pole at a speed of 4.36 centimetres per year. The motion of atmospheric masses and water masses during seasonal changes causes the planet’s poles to naturally wobble by up to several metres every year. But to fully explain how much the axis has tilted between 1993 and 2010, human-made groundwater shifts have to be taken into account. More than 2 trillion tons of water were depleted from underground reservoirs during that time, particularly for irrigation in northwestern India and western North America...
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01993-z
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