Articles can be theory as well as data-driven. In the article introduction, theory-driven papers typically include theory underpinning the articles' research design and methodology. Relevant paradigms, theories, and/or concepts are then later revisited in the discussion and conclusion sections. This provides direction, coherence, and consistency for the central argument. For example, findings may provide support for a particular theory and concepts, may provide appropriate critique, suggest alternatives, etc.

Dear Dr. Usman!

I would write a review - paper on a topic which is heavily based on a specific theory. I use here "the evolutionary game-theory" in a context:

1) Yuan, Y.; Du, L.; Li, X.; Chen, F. An Evolutionary Game Model of the Supply Decisions between GNPOs and Hospitals during a Public Health Emergency. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1156. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su14031156, Open access:

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1156

2) Kabir KMA, Tanimoto J. 2020 Evolutionary game theory modelling to represent the behavioural dynamics of economic shutdowns and shield immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic. R. Soc. Open Sci. 7: 201095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201095, Free access: Article Evolutionary game theory modeling to represent the behaviora...

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I would collect a list of these kinds of publications, put these into a table in a document, set up three columns: "title of the publication, "core points of the theory in focus" and "additional valuable information" ----> In the second phase I would summarize the findings of the listed publications based on the table created and suggest possible future paths to go forward with regard to future targets of applying this theory in practice, etc.

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

If your introductory sections set out a theory that guides your empirical testing, then your Discussion section should have a thorough coverage of the implications that your results have for your initial theory. It also helps to give "suggestions for future research" that are based on your results, and in particular what those results say about your theory.

Abubakar Abubakar Usman Most often the researchers miss out this important element of theoretical contribution in their work and simply end up pointing out the theory states/explains.....etc. In fact, this is the mere description and not the theoretical underpinning required in the study. Researchers should go beyond the description of theory to a more succinct way of telling how exactly such theory helps in explaining the relationships in the research model.

Articles can make a theoretical contribution by either building theory or testing theory. What’s important is that they change, challenge, or fundamentally advance our knowledge of the concepts, relationships, models, or theories embedded in the relevant literatures. In this way, they cause us to think about some organizational phenomenon in a way that would not normally be anticipated from extrapolations of existing work.

Hermann Gruenwald , Stephen David Edwards , David L Morgan , Bulcsu Szekely , Muhammad Naseer Akhtar Thank you all for taking out of your precious time to enrich me with your experienced inputs. I truly appreciate it.