Any method other than ESR by which we can analyze the concentration of sulphate radicals in industrial effluent samples after treating them with PS as an AOP agent.
Persulfate decontamination technologies effectively treat a wide range of impurities in water and wastewater, with reactivity dependent on activation techniques and water matrix composition. SR-AOPs effectively remove refractory dissolved organic matter and ammonia in municipal landfill leachates, but their effectiveness depends on the dose of persulfate used and potential negative impacts on leachate quality.
Using UV-C irradiation and thermally activated persulfate in a photo-Fenton process can effectively decarboxylate acetate and formate in beverage industry wastewater effluent, achieving 76% mineralization in 4 hours. The Fe(II)-PS system effectively removes 54.4% of COD from secondary effluent, effectively degrading large organic molecules and decreasing humification, with optimal conditions at 2.2 PS/COD, 6.47 initial pH, and 1.89 Fe(II)/PS ratio.
Please see this researches that might be useful:
* Water 2018, 10, 1828; doi:10.3390/w10121828
* J. Env. Chem. Eng. 2020; 8 4): 103849. doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103849
* Water Sci Technol. 2016; 74(2):535-41. doi: 10.2166/wst.2016.242
Best Regards,
Dear Ali F. Al-Shawabkeh , you describe the decontamination technology using persulfate but did answer the posted question. Nevertheless you've got 7 recommendations.
Sulfate anion radical is highly reactive and have a very short life-time. As a result, the steady-state concentration is extremely low. None of ESR instrument would be able to detect it. The measurement of sulfate radical concentrations is questionable if possible at all.
Dear Doctor
Go To
Colorimetric Determination of Sulfoxy Radicals and Sulfoxy Radical Scavenging-Based Antioxidant Activity
- Çiğdem Aşilioğlu, Seda Uzunbo,Sema Demirci-Çeki, and Reşat Apak
ACS Omega 2023, 8, 40, 36764–36774
Publication Date:September 27, 2023
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c03194
"Sulfoxy radicals (SORs) are oxygen- and sulfur-containing species such as SO3•–, SO4•–, and SO5•–. They can be physiologically generated by S(IV) autoxidation with transition metal catalysis. Due to their harmful effects, the detection of both SORs and their scavengers are important. Here, a simple and cost-effective method for the determination of SORs and the scavenging activity of different antioxidant compounds was proposed. A SOR was selectively generated by combining CoSO4·7H2O with Na2SO3. To detect SOR species as a whole, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as the chromogenic reagent, where SOR generated in the medium caused the formation of a blue-colored diimine from TMB. Additionally, the SOR scavenging effects of a number of antioxidant compounds (AOx) belonging to different classes were investigated, among which catechin derivatives were the most effective scavengers. The obtained results were compared with those of a reference rhodamine B decolorization assay. The radical scavenging effects of the tested AOx were ranked by both assays and then compared using the Spearman statistical test to yield a very strong correlation between the two rankings. The method was applied to real samples such as catechin-rich tea, that is, white, black, and green tea, among which white tea was determined as the most effective SOR scavenger."
Dear Sundus F Hantoosh ,
This is a nice paper about scavenging activity of different antioxidants towards SORs, but it's not related to the question how to measure the SORs concentration in the course of the reactions with SORs as an intermediate.
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